{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104466167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","title":"Black tronies in seventeenth-century Flemish art and the African presence","display_name":"Black tronies in seventeenth-century Flemish art and the African presence","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104466167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","mag":"2104466167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196051","display_name":"de arte","issn_l":"0004-3389","issn":["0004-3389","2471-4100"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"de arte","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003801597","display_name":"Bernadette Van Haute","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-931X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-931X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernadette van Haute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology at the University of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology at the University of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003801597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95958691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"91","first_page":"18","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13922","display_name":"Historical Art and Culture Studies","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13922","display_name":"Historical Art and Culture Studies","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14191","display_name":"Historical Art and Architecture Studies","score":0.08940000087022781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13863","display_name":"Cultural History and Identity Formation","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-studies","display_name":"head studies","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peter-paul-rubens","display_name":"Peter Paul Rubens","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthony-van-dyck","display_name":"Anthony van Dyck","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jan-brueghel-the-elder","display_name":"Jan Brueghel the Elder","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jacob-jordaens","display_name":"Jacob Jordaens","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antwerp","display_name":"Antwerp","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flanders","display_name":"Flanders","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-painting","display_name":"history painting","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/studio-practice","display_name":"studio practice","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-accounts","display_name":"travel accounts","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776802314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147","display_name":"Flemish","level":2,"score":0.9366533160209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6342150568962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.5874804854393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45012715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746628","display_name":"Studio","level":2,"score":0.5439503192901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150673657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776959","display_name":"Van Dyke beard","level":2,"score":0.47564029693603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.4570086896419525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.45113664865493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.43834492564201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.43179383873939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.4179626703262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35772705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1587684154510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2015.11877212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196051","display_name":"de arte","issn_l":"0004-3389","issn":["0004-3389","2471-4100"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"de arte","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/19126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400472","display_name":"Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","host_organization_name":"University of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572593264","https://openalex.org/W583341934","https://openalex.org/W608380756","https://openalex.org/W632187526","https://openalex.org/W1499615898","https://openalex.org/W1716856545","https://openalex.org/W1930233080","https://openalex.org/W2040814721","https://openalex.org/W2056609383","https://openalex.org/W2141099392","https://openalex.org/W2331737801","https://openalex.org/W2478036836","https://openalex.org/W2523257456","https://openalex.org/W2555489269","https://openalex.org/W2561867880","https://openalex.org/W2730903404","https://openalex.org/W2788256284","https://openalex.org/W2797334557","https://openalex.org/W2797868402","https://openalex.org/W2991686831","https://openalex.org/W2998067668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2598779936","https://openalex.org/W7056791631","https://openalex.org/W6986877246","https://openalex.org/W4404663377","https://openalex.org/W2478036836","https://openalex.org/W2604132210","https://openalex.org/W1513244582","https://openalex.org/W4415164926","https://openalex.org/W6996353490","https://openalex.org/W577485197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48],"this":[1],"article":[2],"I":[3,29],"examine":[4],"the":[5,19,52,54,86,109,124,152,172,211,214,237],"production":[6,173],"of":[7,12,14,44,57,73,83,89,99,111,119,126,154,174,199,213,216,239],"tronies":[8,121,184],"or":[9],"head":[10,146],"studies":[11,125,147],"people":[13,101],"African":[15,145,240],"origin":[16],"made":[17,128,182,228],"by":[18,191,229],"Flemish":[20],"artists":[21],"Peter":[22],"Paul":[23],"Rubens,":[24,127],"Anthony":[25],"van":[26],"Dyck,":[27,231],"Jan":[28],"Brueghel,":[30],"Jacob":[31],"Jordaens":[32,177,232],"and":[33,113,135,148,162,178,190,233],"Gaspar":[34],"de":[35],"Crayer":[36,180,235],"in":[37,59,76,102,133,137,140,151,187,195,221],"an":[38,70],"attempt":[39],"to":[40,50,67,92,204,226,236],"uncover":[41],"their":[42,193,206],"use":[43,186],"Africans1":[45],"as":[46],"models.":[47,208],"order":[49],"contextualise":[51],"research,":[53],"actual":[55],"presence":[56],"Africans":[58,74],"Flanders":[60,77],"is":[61,202],"investigated.":[62],"Although":[63],"no":[64],"documentation":[65],"exists":[66],"calculate":[68],"even":[69],"approximate":[71],"number":[72,198],"living":[75],"at":[78],"that":[79],"time,":[80],"travel":[81],"accounts":[82],"foreigners":[84],"visiting":[85],"commercial":[87],"city":[88],"Antwerp":[90],"testify":[91],"its":[93],"cosmopolitan":[94],"character.":[95],"A":[96],"general":[97],"perception":[98],"black":[100,120,183],"those":[103],"days":[104],"can":[105],"be":[106],"extrapolated":[107],"from":[108],"notebooks":[110],"Rubens":[112,217],"contemporary":[114,155],"theological":[115],"views.":[116],"The":[117],"examination":[118],"starts":[122],"with":[123],"after":[129],"live":[130],"models":[131],"first":[132],"Italy":[134],"then":[136],"his":[138],"workshop":[139],"Antwerp.":[141],"By":[142],"comparing":[143],"various":[144],"considering":[149],"them":[150],"context":[153],"studio":[156],"practices":[157],"involving":[158],"assistants":[159],"(Van":[160],"Dyck)":[161],"collaborators":[163],"(Brueghel),":[164],"a":[165,196],"historically":[166],"more":[167],"accurate":[168],"picture":[169],"emerges":[170],"regarding":[171,210],"such":[175],"studies.":[176],"De":[179,234],"also":[181],"for":[185],"history":[188],"paintings,":[189],"tracing":[192],"appearance":[194],"select":[197],"works":[200],"it":[201],"possible":[203],"distinguish":[205],"respective":[207],"Assumptions":[209],"extent":[212],"influence":[215],"are":[218],"thus":[219],"put":[220],"perspective":[222],"while":[223],"giving":[224],"credit":[225],"contributions":[227],"Van":[230],"study":[238],"people.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}