{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104437693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention and the Potential of Drug Abuse Treatment","display_name":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention and the Potential of Drug Abuse Treatment","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104437693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","mag":"2104437693","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14648463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/377548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102970343","display_name":"David S. Metzger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-2287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-2287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David\u00a0S. Metzger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. metzger@mail.trc.upenn.edu","University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. metzger@mail.trc.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072760559","display_name":"Helen A. Navaline","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Navaline","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania/Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102970343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92749397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"s5","first_page":"S451","last_page":"S456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.053599998354911804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-treatment","display_name":"addiction treatment","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-disorders","display_name":"substance use disorders","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cocaine-dependence","display_name":"cocaine dependence","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroin-injection","display_name":"heroin injection","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk-behavior","display_name":"HIV risk behavior","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-detoxification","display_name":"drug detoxification","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8579171895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.6988148093223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.6676696538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.667624831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.596596360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.5955908298492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5392974019050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.37450361251831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.34682273864746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.340238094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06571134924888611}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004335","descriptor_name":"Drug and Narcotic Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006266","descriptor_name":"Health Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006678","descriptor_name":"HIV","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/377548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/377548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14648463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14648463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.839.6896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.839.6896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_5/S451.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:cid:37/Supplement_5/S451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/37/Supplement_5/S451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20161075","https://openalex.org/W59586114","https://openalex.org/W112514906","https://openalex.org/W167119565","https://openalex.org/W655649734","https://openalex.org/W1553032775","https://openalex.org/W1965990242","https://openalex.org/W1974958639","https://openalex.org/W1981444251","https://openalex.org/W1985792044","https://openalex.org/W1989719138","https://openalex.org/W2005134851","https://openalex.org/W2011235590","https://openalex.org/W2012389503","https://openalex.org/W2021877868","https://openalex.org/W2024125985","https://openalex.org/W2035115682","https://openalex.org/W2036736742","https://openalex.org/W2048722019","https://openalex.org/W2052256621","https://openalex.org/W2062971972","https://openalex.org/W2065833406","https://openalex.org/W2068326465","https://openalex.org/W2073796066","https://openalex.org/W2073902466","https://openalex.org/W2079461600","https://openalex.org/W2085802117","https://openalex.org/W2098144965","https://openalex.org/W2145179206","https://openalex.org/W2153249098","https://openalex.org/W2166291017","https://openalex.org/W2252506380","https://openalex.org/W2414235755","https://openalex.org/W2415935747","https://openalex.org/W2419516670","https://openalex.org/W2432144166","https://openalex.org/W2432258539","https://openalex.org/W3081789115","https://openalex.org/W4240267522","https://openalex.org/W4255512373","https://openalex.org/W6621832239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59586114","https://openalex.org/W2103774485","https://openalex.org/W2883854498","https://openalex.org/W2017091329","https://openalex.org/W7139612287","https://openalex.org/W4244615823","https://openalex.org/W1563154409","https://openalex.org/W2073796066","https://openalex.org/W7100777223","https://openalex.org/W7095178804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"first":[1],"recognition":[2],"of":[3,6,43,87,100,111,138,146],"the":[4,7,13,32,106,143],"scope":[5],"acquired":[8],"immunodeficiency":[9,51],"syndrome":[10],"epidemic":[11],"among":[12,55],"drug-using":[14],"community,":[15],"substance":[16],"abuse":[17,130],"treatment":[18,61,131,140],"has":[19,116],"been":[20,117],"viewed":[21],"as":[22,92,94,132],"playing":[23],"an":[24],"important":[25,83,107],"role":[26,110],"in":[27,60],"preventing":[28],"new":[29],"infections.":[30],"In":[31],"past":[33],"20":[34],"years,":[35],"many":[36],"studies":[37],"have":[38,82],"documented":[39],"significantly":[40],"lower":[41],"rates":[42],"drug":[44,56,69,112,129],"use,":[45],"drug-related":[46],"risk":[47],"behaviors,":[48],"and":[49,89,102,122,142,152],"human":[50],"virus":[52],"(HIV)":[53],"infections":[54],"users":[57,86],"who":[58],"remain":[59],"programs.":[62],"There":[63],"is":[64,72],"also":[65],"growing":[66],"evidence":[67,99],"that":[68],"detoxification":[70],"alone":[71],"insufficient":[73],"to":[74,150],"provide":[75],"protection":[76],"from":[77],"HIV":[78,133],"infection.":[79],"These":[80],"findings":[81],"implications":[84],"for":[85,105,148],"cocaine":[88,151],"noninjection":[90],"drugs,":[91],"well":[93],"heroin":[95],"injectors.":[96],"Despite":[97],"strong":[98],"effectiveness":[101],"widespread":[103],"support":[104],"public":[108,158],"health":[109,159],"treatment,":[113],"its":[114,157],"impact":[115],"compromised":[118],"by":[119],"limited":[120],"availability":[121],"acceptability.":[123],"The":[124],"available":[125],"data":[126],"clearly":[127],"establish":[128],"prevention,":[134],"yet":[135],"without":[136],"expansion":[137],"existing":[139],"programs":[141],"continued":[144],"development":[145],"treatments":[147],"addiction":[149],"other":[153],"widely":[154],"used":[155],"stimulants,":[156],"potential":[160],"cannot":[161],"be":[162],"realized.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}