{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104293307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","title":"Comparison of four methods for assessing patient effective dose from radiological examinations","display_name":"Comparison of four methods for assessing patient effective dose from radiological examinations","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104293307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","mag":"2104293307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12349928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1500769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020007464","display_name":"Nicholas Theocharopoulos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Theocharopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Iraklion, Greece","Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete (Greece)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Iraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete (Greece)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081661075","display_name":"Kostas Perisinakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-7862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-7862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas Perisinakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081937379","display_name":"John E. Damilakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1650-8955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1650-8955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Damilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108372724","display_name":"Haralambos Varveris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haralambos Varveris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087403325","display_name":"Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-2502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-2502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77039146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"9","first_page":"2070","last_page":"2079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-effective-dose","display_name":"patient effective dose","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiographic-evaluation","display_name":"radiographic evaluation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerma-area-product","display_name":"dose-area product","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrance-surface-dose","display_name":"entrance surface dose","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-imparted","display_name":"energy imparted","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rando-phantom","display_name":"Rando phantom","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoluminescent-dosimetry","display_name":"thermoluminescent dosimetry","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroscopy","display_name":"fluoroscopy","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray","display_name":"chest radiography","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-radiography","display_name":"abdominal radiography","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-radiography","display_name":"head radiography","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-dose","display_name":"organ dose","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776805002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614984","display_name":"Fluoroscopy","level":2,"score":0.8943850994110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8029224872589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.7443149089813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.7327985763549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.6937317848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.6301894187927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105636585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303665","display_name":"Dosimeter","level":3,"score":0.6281116008758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149857219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5239054","display_name":"Effective dose (radiation)","level":2,"score":0.6025623083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777620619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099","display_name":"Radiation protection","level":2,"score":0.4669227600097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79905245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175043","display_name":"Dose area product","level":3,"score":0.4608006775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190892606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512464","display_name":"Radiological weapon","level":2,"score":0.4550025463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.43475541472435}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000005","descriptor_name":"Abdomen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005471","descriptor_name":"Fluoroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005471","descriptor_name":"Fluoroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009928","descriptor_name":"Organ Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011860","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Abdominal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011860","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Abdominal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1500769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1500769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12349928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12349928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106266215","https://openalex.org/W300062184","https://openalex.org/W646134687","https://openalex.org/W1967464410","https://openalex.org/W1977799674","https://openalex.org/W1993572486","https://openalex.org/W2002751013","https://openalex.org/W2015761296","https://openalex.org/W2017274153","https://openalex.org/W2019306804","https://openalex.org/W2042293240","https://openalex.org/W2046592817","https://openalex.org/W2057259947","https://openalex.org/W2060827440","https://openalex.org/W2081022836","https://openalex.org/W2084042089","https://openalex.org/W2087800818","https://openalex.org/W2109991282","https://openalex.org/W2112284305","https://openalex.org/W2122905688","https://openalex.org/W2124975991","https://openalex.org/W2146624220","https://openalex.org/W2157107984","https://openalex.org/W2164359645","https://openalex.org/W2312350082","https://openalex.org/W2315462723","https://openalex.org/W2341207776","https://openalex.org/W3147865600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155728982","https://openalex.org/W581947041","https://openalex.org/W2163578423","https://openalex.org/W2089737361","https://openalex.org/W2153810170","https://openalex.org/W7218067361","https://openalex.org/W4244956284","https://openalex.org/W2087800818","https://openalex.org/W1986578849","https://openalex.org/W2164359645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"methods":[1],"of":[2,121,214,226,247,257,269,273,279,288],"indirect":[3],"effective":[4,14,91,118,125,150,202,221,259,289],"dose":[5,15,48,55,74,80,92,119,126,203,222,265,290],"estimation":[6,287],"were":[7,24,100,135],"reviewed":[8],"and":[9,21,43,71,79,103,110,133,155,171,183,190,194,210],"compared":[10],"to":[11,26],"a":[12,282],"direct":[13],"determination":[16,204,256],"method.":[17],"An":[18],"anthropomorphic":[19],"phantom":[20,98],"thermoluminescence":[22,60],"dosimetry":[23],"used":[25,252],"obtain":[27],"dosimetric":[28,208,296],"data":[29,63,78,132,154,209,297],"associated":[30],"with":[31,139,276],"anterior-posterior":[32],"(AP)":[33],"abdominal":[34],"radiography,":[35,39,42],"posterior-anterior":[36],"(PA)":[37],"chest":[38],"PA":[40],"head":[41,111,191],"AP":[44],"heart":[45,174,198],"fluoroscopy.":[46,175,199,244],"Effective":[47],"was":[49],"determined":[50,58],"using:":[51],"(i)":[52],"organ":[53,264],"specific":[54,263],"values":[56,93,127,142,157,162,266],"directly":[57,140,160],"by":[59,65,163,301],"dosimeters,":[61],"(ii)":[62],"published":[64],"National":[66],"Radiological":[67],"Protection":[68],"Board":[69],"(NRPB)":[70],"entrance":[72],"surface":[73],"(ESD),":[75],"(iii)":[76],"NRPB":[77,131,153,207],"area":[81],"product":[82],"(DAP),":[83],"(iv)":[84],"energy":[85,177,248,274],"imparted":[86,178,249,275],"derived":[87],"from":[88,95,159,291],"DAP.":[89],"The":[90,124,149,176,224,245,271],"estimated":[94],"the":[96,107,168,187,206,211,254,277],"Rando":[97],"measurements":[99],"161,":[101],"32.3,":[102],"8.4":[104],"microSv/projection":[105,185],"for":[106,167,173,186,197,218,239,253,286,294],"abdomen,":[108,188],"chest,":[109,189],"radiographs,":[112,192],"respectively.":[113],"Cardiac":[114],"fluoroscopy":[115],"yielded":[116,180],"an":[117],"value":[120,213,246],"111":[122,195],"microSv/min.":[123],"obtained":[128],"indirectly":[129],"using":[130,152,205],"DAP":[134,227],"in":[136,143],"good":[137],"agreement":[138],"assessed":[141,161],"all":[144],"simulated":[145],"exposures":[146,170,242],"(difference":[147],"<8%).":[148],"doses":[151],"ESD":[156,230],"differed":[158],"less":[164],"than":[165,229],"15%":[166],"radiographic":[169],"60%":[172],"method":[179],"136,":[181],"31,":[182],"6.6":[184],"respectively,":[193],"microSv/min":[196],"Indirect":[200],"patient":[201,220,258],"measured":[212],"incident":[215],"radiation":[216],"allows":[217],"reliable":[219,283],"estimates.":[223],"use":[225,278],"rather":[228],"is":[231],"recommended":[232],"because":[233],"it":[234],"yields":[235],"accurate":[236,255],"results":[237],"even":[238],"complex":[240],"radiologic":[241,292],"involving":[243],"may":[250],"be":[251],"dose,":[260],"especially":[261],"when":[262],"are":[267,298],"not":[268,299],"interest.":[270],"calculation":[272],"EAP":[280],"provides":[281],"starting":[284],"point":[285],"examinations":[293],"which":[295],"provided":[300],"NRPB.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}