{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104228241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","title":"The Artificial Pancreas: Is it Important to Understand How the \u03b2 Cell Controls Blood Glucose?","display_name":"The Artificial Pancreas: Is it Important to Understand How the \u03b2 Cell Controls Blood Glucose?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104228241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","mag":"2104228241","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24124965","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3876382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/193229681300700528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193229681300700528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754852731","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","issn_l":"1932-2968","issn":["1932-2968","1932-3107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193229681300700528","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070771680","display_name":"Garry M. Steil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-5256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-5256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Garry M. Steil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts","Boston Children's Hospital, Attn: Medicine Critical Care, 333 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 022115"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Children's Hospital, Attn: Medicine Critical Care, 333 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 022115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073188750","display_name":"Gerold M. Grodsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerold M. Grodsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California","2 Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070771680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4883,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44387755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"1359","last_page":"1369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-pancreas","display_name":"artificial pancreas","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-cell-insulin-secretion","display_name":"beta-cell insulin secretion","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-control-algorithm","display_name":"PID control algorithm","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemic-clamp","display_name":"hyperglycemic clamp","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemic-clamp","display_name":"hypoglycemic clamp","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfused-pancreas","display_name":"perfused pancreas","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meal-response","display_name":"meal response","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780353609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569064","display_name":"Artificial pancreas","level":4,"score":0.9249496459960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.7446883916854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776161997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846600","display_name":"Clamp","level":3,"score":0.6867579221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5576646327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9618","display_name":"Pancreas","level":2,"score":0.5410557985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994527087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin delivery","level":4,"score":0.4965859055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4291980564594269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4153357744216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.4101994037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.39714059233665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3812956213951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3703494668006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.21543729305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.09505683183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08928719162940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84111939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5125465","display_name":"Clamping","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050417","descriptor_name":"Insulin-Secreting Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/193229681300700528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193229681300700528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754852731","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","issn_l":"1932-2968","issn":["1932-2968","1932-3107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3876382","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3876382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Diabetes Sci Technol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24124965","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24124965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of diabetes science and technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/193229681300700528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681300700528","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193229681300700528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754852731","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","issn_l":"1932-2968","issn":["1932-2968","1932-3107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104228241.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104228241.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204635182","https://openalex.org/W1513016807","https://openalex.org/W1546278275","https://openalex.org/W1582137406","https://openalex.org/W1963667250","https://openalex.org/W1965466965","https://openalex.org/W1966428323","https://openalex.org/W1967723791","https://openalex.org/W1971476108","https://openalex.org/W1973796027","https://openalex.org/W1976019463","https://openalex.org/W1978172709","https://openalex.org/W1978849955","https://openalex.org/W1979768668","https://openalex.org/W1981656807","https://openalex.org/W1981845243","https://openalex.org/W1991189812","https://openalex.org/W1994142474","https://openalex.org/W2004564781","https://openalex.org/W2018459966","https://openalex.org/W2019314363","https://openalex.org/W2027219674","https://openalex.org/W2027578932","https://openalex.org/W2027766207","https://openalex.org/W2043352590","https://openalex.org/W2044846849","https://openalex.org/W2046615793","https://openalex.org/W2053877011","https://openalex.org/W2064863602","https://openalex.org/W2070862761","https://openalex.org/W2084515220","https://openalex.org/W2091824172","https://openalex.org/W2093469106","https://openalex.org/W2093720031","https://openalex.org/W2096118021","https://openalex.org/W2097490155","https://openalex.org/W2098048096","https://openalex.org/W2105912552","https://openalex.org/W2106202322","https://openalex.org/W2108922346","https://openalex.org/W2114529996","https://openalex.org/W2117647378","https://openalex.org/W2123900958","https://openalex.org/W2127456983","https://openalex.org/W2132549450","https://openalex.org/W2133217243","https://openalex.org/W2142452255","https://openalex.org/W2144478948","https://openalex.org/W2144785271","https://openalex.org/W2145097544","https://openalex.org/W2147686011","https://openalex.org/W2147868795","https://openalex.org/W2149409837","https://openalex.org/W2150939399","https://openalex.org/W2151133026","https://openalex.org/W2153308857","https://openalex.org/W2154410696","https://openalex.org/W2156353972","https://openalex.org/W2157337717","https://openalex.org/W2160312806","https://openalex.org/W2162344377","https://openalex.org/W2162578760","https://openalex.org/W2163225372","https://openalex.org/W2170117186","https://openalex.org/W2181817569","https://openalex.org/W2209019241","https://openalex.org/W2313564472","https://openalex.org/W2319180293","https://openalex.org/W2335958328","https://openalex.org/W2409069649","https://openalex.org/W2415090023","https://openalex.org/W2415918539","https://openalex.org/W2471353690","https://openalex.org/W6630497829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093720031","https://openalex.org/W2027578932","https://openalex.org/W7138999441","https://openalex.org/W2400133593","https://openalex.org/W2097490155","https://openalex.org/W2008590270","https://openalex.org/W2003766756","https://openalex.org/W2396208208","https://openalex.org/W2168968331","https://openalex.org/W2753484035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1,42,95],"been":[2,43,96,214],"more":[3],"than":[4],"7":[5],"years":[6],"since":[7],"the":[8,27,30,39,46,53,71,86,99,102,108,120,128,143,153,157,163,170,177,180,192,209,217,223,232],"first":[9,121],"fully":[10],"automated":[11],"closed-loop":[12,87,164],"insulin":[13,19,32,68,74,79,111],"delivery":[14,20,33],"system":[15],"that":[16,138,152,169,221],"linked":[17],"subcutaneous":[18],"and":[21,70,117,227],"glucose":[22,88,236],"sensing":[23],"was":[24],"published.":[25],"Since":[26],"initial":[28],"report,":[29],"physiologic":[31],"(PID)":[34],"algorithm":[35],"used":[36],"to":[37,51,58,62,77,106,113,126,130,142,182,190,194,225],"emulate":[38],"\u03b2":[40,54,109,204,233],"cell":[41,205,234],"modified":[44],"from":[45],"original":[47],"proportional-integral-derivative":[48],"terms":[49,64],"needed":[50],"fit":[52,183,191],"cell's":[55],"biphasic":[56],"response":[57,112,129,193],"a":[59,114,131,195,201],"hyperglycemic":[60,115,184],"clamp":[61,185],"include":[63],"emulating":[65],"cephalic":[66],"phase":[67],"release":[69],"effect":[72],"of":[73,101,179,203,230],"per":[75],"se":[76],"inhibit":[78],"secretion.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"article,":[83],"we":[84,199],"compare":[85],"profiles":[89],"obtained":[90],"as":[91],"each":[92],"new":[93],"term":[94],"added,":[97],"reassess":[98],"ability":[100,125,178],"revised":[103],"PID":[104,158],"model":[105,144,159,181],"describe":[107,127],"cells'":[110],"clamp,":[116],"look":[118],"for":[119],"time":[122],"at":[123],"its":[124],"hypoglycemic":[132,196],"clamp.":[133,197],"We":[134,150,167,219],"also":[135],"consider":[136],"changes":[137,154,171],"might":[139,250],"be":[140,251],"added":[141],"based":[145],"on":[146],"perfused":[147,210],"pancreas":[148,211,248],"data.":[149],"conclude":[151],"introduced":[155],"in":[156,208,216,245],"have":[160,212],"systematically":[161],"improved":[162],"meal":[165],"response.":[166],"note":[168,200],"made":[172],"do":[173],"not":[174,213],"adversely":[175],"affect":[176],"data":[186],"but":[187],"are":[188],"necessary":[189],"Finally,":[198],"number":[202],"characteristics":[206],"observed":[207],"included":[215],"model.":[218],"suggest":[220],"continuing":[222],"effort":[224],"understand":[226],"incorporate":[228],"aspects":[229],"how":[231,243],"achieves":[235],"control":[237],"can":[238],"provide":[239],"valuable":[240],"insights":[241],"into":[242],"improvements":[244],"future":[246],"artificial":[247],"algorithms":[249],"achieved.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}