{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104049309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","title":"The Credible Executive","display_name":"The Credible Executive","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104049309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","mag":"2104049309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.931501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108736578","display_name":"Eric A. Posner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5462-8092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5462-8092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Posner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago - Law School, 1111 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637, United States","University of Chicago - Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Law School, 1111 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053604464","display_name":"Adrian Vermeule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3455-1152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3455-1152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Vermeule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Law School, 1525 Massachusetts, Griswold 500, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Harvard Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Law School, 1525 Massachusetts, Griswold 500, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108736578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-motivation","display_name":"executive motivation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-discretion","display_name":"executive discretion","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-commissions","display_name":"independent commissions","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-appointments","display_name":"executive appointments","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartisanship","display_name":"bipartisanship","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strict-liability","display_name":"strict liability","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-accountability","display_name":"executive accountability","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-of-powers","display_name":"separation of powers","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780743171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383611","display_name":"Executive summary","level":2,"score":0.4503726065158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994520894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338798","display_name":"Executive order","level":2,"score":0.41893020272254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3811482787132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3700110912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3268255591392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.1651661992073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12609750032424927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.931501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.931501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.931501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W225416161","https://openalex.org/W297661044","https://openalex.org/W782848867","https://openalex.org/W1479706613","https://openalex.org/W1487828526","https://openalex.org/W1499316800","https://openalex.org/W1500771274","https://openalex.org/W1501483387","https://openalex.org/W1505141412","https://openalex.org/W1506086166","https://openalex.org/W1507727354","https://openalex.org/W1516944009","https://openalex.org/W1519410438","https://openalex.org/W1523316176","https://openalex.org/W1529077162","https://openalex.org/W1553697891","https://openalex.org/W1557318870","https://openalex.org/W1559496772","https://openalex.org/W1560614426","https://openalex.org/W1562112624","https://openalex.org/W1563224328","https://openalex.org/W1568107049","https://openalex.org/W1568247997","https://openalex.org/W1568550914","https://openalex.org/W1569690557","https://openalex.org/W1572312785","https://openalex.org/W1587080925","https://openalex.org/W1595162843","https://openalex.org/W1608105588","https://openalex.org/W1614567641","https://openalex.org/W1643937383","https://openalex.org/W1657742470","https://openalex.org/W1691298360","https://openalex.org/W1694967934","https://openalex.org/W1698747626","https://openalex.org/W1802741131","https://openalex.org/W1810072498","https://openalex.org/W1814144513","https://openalex.org/W1824044155","https://openalex.org/W1828740333","https://openalex.org/W1836159856","https://openalex.org/W1862092418","https://openalex.org/W1867669560","https://openalex.org/W1882877655","https://openalex.org/W1920114333","https://openalex.org/W1948796239","https://openalex.org/W1959626999","https://openalex.org/W1973258692","https://openalex.org/W2026207628","https://openalex.org/W2037757952","https://openalex.org/W2083231342","https://openalex.org/W2098825250","https://openalex.org/W2102241282","https://openalex.org/W2104362086","https://openalex.org/W2105189521","https://openalex.org/W2105998493","https://openalex.org/W2111083825","https://openalex.org/W2111808782","https://openalex.org/W2115457200","https://openalex.org/W2115565017","https://openalex.org/W2116883415","https://openalex.org/W2117658313","https://openalex.org/W2120114890","https://openalex.org/W2123534514","https://openalex.org/W2123640953","https://openalex.org/W2124368887","https://openalex.org/W2130984384","https://openalex.org/W2133467608","https://openalex.org/W2136154000","https://openalex.org/W2138180546","https://openalex.org/W2149537504","https://openalex.org/W2151638665","https://openalex.org/W2151959895","https://openalex.org/W2155518152","https://openalex.org/W2155952141","https://openalex.org/W2159407164","https://openalex.org/W2162696834","https://openalex.org/W2162943705","https://openalex.org/W2165484674","https://openalex.org/W2167996501","https://openalex.org/W2169285194","https://openalex.org/W2169368842","https://openalex.org/W2170087129","https://openalex.org/W2333983184","https://openalex.org/W2341238185","https://openalex.org/W2474863669","https://openalex.org/W3048030415","https://openalex.org/W3121156979","https://openalex.org/W3121413965","https://openalex.org/W3121876642","https://openalex.org/W3122128429","https://openalex.org/W3122355986","https://openalex.org/W3122381403","https://openalex.org/W3122767538","https://openalex.org/W3122792275","https://openalex.org/W3122886299","https://openalex.org/W3123266779","https://openalex.org/W3123439976","https://openalex.org/W3123597873","https://openalex.org/W3123780937","https://openalex.org/W3123795913","https://openalex.org/W3124036663","https://openalex.org/W3124064683","https://openalex.org/W3124150767","https://openalex.org/W3124192948","https://openalex.org/W3124410498","https://openalex.org/W3124640340","https://openalex.org/W3124643654","https://openalex.org/W3124827387","https://openalex.org/W3124849701","https://openalex.org/W3124895773","https://openalex.org/W3124930159","https://openalex.org/W3125300133","https://openalex.org/W3125459119","https://openalex.org/W3125463706","https://openalex.org/W3125507660","https://openalex.org/W3126011966","https://openalex.org/W3126025468","https://openalex.org/W3126108743","https://openalex.org/W4231856276","https://openalex.org/W4232544965","https://openalex.org/W4233043583","https://openalex.org/W4235000826","https://openalex.org/W4240103574","https://openalex.org/W4240246840","https://openalex.org/W4245607304","https://openalex.org/W4247100701","https://openalex.org/W4247953368","https://openalex.org/W4251611974","https://openalex.org/W4251617102","https://openalex.org/W7012787123","https://openalex.org/W7022090027","https://openalex.org/W7097821921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206395666","https://openalex.org/W3048364475","https://openalex.org/W2076103789","https://openalex.org/W3191054976","https://openalex.org/W3083798598","https://openalex.org/W7006787942","https://openalex.org/W2492954029","https://openalex.org/W114568181","https://openalex.org/W4416829684","https://openalex.org/W4409702379"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}