{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103918291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","title":"Understanding the Harm of Hate Crime","display_name":"Understanding the Harm of Hate Crime","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103918291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","mag":"2103918291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065267791","display_name":"Robert J. Boeckmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Boeckmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flinders University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flinders University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038470497","display_name":"Carolyn Turpin\u2010Petrosino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17856709","display_name":"Bridgewater State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3skf39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17856709"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Turpin\u2010Petrosino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bridgewater State College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bridgewater State College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17856709"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98283382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"2","first_page":"207","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.3882000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.3882000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.30300000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.06239999830722809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-crimes","display_name":"hate crimes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech","display_name":"hate speech","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergroup-relations","display_name":"intergroup relations","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"prejudice","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggression","display_name":"aggression","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-crime-legislation","display_name":"hate crime legislation","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy","display_name":"social policy","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-crime-victims","display_name":"hate crime victims","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-amendment","display_name":"First Amendment","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourteenth-amendment","display_name":"Fourteenth Amendment","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992380910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459409","display_name":"Hate crime","level":2,"score":0.8146435022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7524629831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.7407385110855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.691269040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6476845741271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.544104814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5265862345695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4739639461040497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.439355731010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.4103997051715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3636705279350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35442522168159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.318736732006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28841620683670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564301003","https://openalex.org/W7022508586","https://openalex.org/W2603460020","https://openalex.org/W1983212432","https://openalex.org/W1561638394","https://openalex.org/W1991758082","https://openalex.org/W4236705376","https://openalex.org/W1515291556","https://openalex.org/W7213341244","https://openalex.org/W11037582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,10,19,31,60,75,101],"the":[6,28,61,73,78,96,102,108,115],"context":[7,30],"and":[8,22,36,38,42,48,67,83,85,98,113],"content":[9],"this":[11,55,65],"issue":[12,66],"devoted":[13],"to":[14,53,64,88],"hate":[15,20,23,76,89],"crime.":[16,90],"Working":[17],"definitions":[18],"crime":[21],"speech":[24],"are":[25,51],"situated":[26],"within":[27],"broader":[29],"intergroup":[32],"relations,":[33],"prejudice,":[34],"aggression,":[35],"law":[37],"social":[39,45],"policy.":[40],"Theory":[41],"research":[43],"from":[44,120],"psychology,":[46],"criminology,":[47],"legal":[49],"studies":[50],"utilized":[52],"describe":[54],"context.":[56],"We":[57],"present":[58],"summaries":[59],"multidisciplinary":[62],"contributions":[63,112],"note":[68,107],"how":[69],"these":[70,111],"articles":[71],"emphasize":[72],"origins":[74],"crime,":[77],"harm":[79],"that":[80,118],"it":[81],"creates,":[82],"victims\u2019":[84],"society\u2019s":[86],"response":[87],"They":[91],"also":[92],"highlight":[93],"tensions":[94],"between":[95],"First":[97],"Fourteenth":[99],"Amendments":[100],"U.S.":[103],"Constitution.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"we":[106],"interrelationships":[109],"among":[110],"discuss":[114],"policy":[116],"implications":[117],"arise":[119],"their":[121],"analyses.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
