{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103753221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","title":"Learn++: an incremental learning algorithm for supervised neural networks","display_name":"Learn++: an incremental learning algorithm for supervised neural networks","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103753221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","mag":"2103753221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/5326.983933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025314990","display_name":"Robi Polikar A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-4228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-4228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44265643","display_name":"Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/049v69k10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Polikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Rowan Univ., Glassboro, NJ, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Rowan Univ., Glassboro, NJ, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051144589","display_name":"L. Upda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Upda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047254597","display_name":"S.S. Upda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.S. Upda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004737962","display_name":"Vasant Honavar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5399-3489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5399-3489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Honavar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":898,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97605529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"497","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.4668000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.4668000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.35839998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.10170000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-learning","display_name":"incremental learning","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-classifier","display_name":"neural network classifier","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-classifiers","display_name":"ensemble classifiers","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-majority-voting","display_name":"weighted majority voting","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unseen-classes","display_name":"unseen classes","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-forgetting","display_name":"catastrophic forgetting","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-data-sampling","display_name":"training data sampling","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-bounds","display_name":"error bounds","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7409153580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6531197428703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6290198564529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6209866404533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5926039814949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5105656385421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.5001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4836605489253998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.45672446489334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.41802090406417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3708219528198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.22724199295043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/5326.983933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.983933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.16.1297","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.1297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~honavar/Papers/ieeetnnrobi.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W80233381","https://openalex.org/W642577247","https://openalex.org/W1496929357","https://openalex.org/W1532449146","https://openalex.org/W1549921397","https://openalex.org/W1657920769","https://openalex.org/W1796562198","https://openalex.org/W1871379767","https://openalex.org/W1915183722","https://openalex.org/W1950060225","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W1982610692","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1996773027","https://openalex.org/W2015857587","https://openalex.org/W2023622546","https://openalex.org/W2025653905","https://openalex.org/W2038994994","https://openalex.org/W2042614373","https://openalex.org/W2071867235","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2090934479","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2093825590","https://openalex.org/W2094490310","https://openalex.org/W2105779241","https://openalex.org/W2109526843","https://openalex.org/W2110179049","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2113758587","https://openalex.org/W2118908934","https://openalex.org/W2120932187","https://openalex.org/W2121519726","https://openalex.org/W2122404498","https://openalex.org/W2133838198","https://openalex.org/W2145858247","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2156937093","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2163225562","https://openalex.org/W2166280719","https://openalex.org/W2305167288","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603141155","https://openalex.org/W6629795882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130867619","https://openalex.org/W2035044274","https://openalex.org/W7101142784","https://openalex.org/W2990676319","https://openalex.org/W2012848927","https://openalex.org/W2161208102","https://openalex.org/W1596540180","https://openalex.org/W2105462754","https://openalex.org/W2919526866","https://openalex.org/W2110312712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,99],"introduce":[1],"Learn++,":[2],"an":[3],"algorithm":[4,16,41,120],"for":[5],"incremental":[6,52],"training":[7,77],"of":[8,70,87,133],"neural":[9],"network":[10],"(NN)":[11],"pattern":[12],"classifiers.":[13],"The":[14,85],"proposed":[15,119],"enables":[17],"supervised":[18],"NN":[19],"paradigms,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,107,109],"the":[23,40,57,88,118,131,134],"multilayer":[24],"perceptron":[25],"(MLP),":[26],"to":[27,35,46,81],"accommodate":[28],"new":[29],"data,":[30],"including":[31],"examples":[32],"that":[33,117],"correspond":[34],"previously":[36,47,64],"unseen":[37],"classes.":[38],"Furthermore,":[39],"does":[42,61],"not":[43,62],"require":[44],"access":[45],"used":[48],"data":[49,78],"during":[50],"subsequent":[51],"learning":[53],"sessions,":[54],"yet":[55],"at":[56],"same":[58],"time,":[59],"it":[60],"forget":[63],"acquired":[65],"knowledge.":[66],"Learn++":[67,138],"utilizes":[68],"ensemble":[69],"classifiers":[71,90,135],"by":[72,137],"generating":[73],"multiple":[74],"hypotheses":[75],"using":[76,93],"sampled":[79],"according":[80],"carefully":[82],"tailored":[83],"distributions.":[84],"outputs":[86],"resulting":[89],"are":[91],"combined":[92],"a":[94,110],"weighted":[95],"majority":[96],"voting":[97],"procedure.":[98],"present":[100],"simulation":[101],"results":[102,115],"on":[103,130],"several":[104],"benchmark":[105],"datasets":[106],"well":[108,123],"real-world":[111],"classification":[112],"task.":[113],"Initial":[114],"indicate":[116],"works":[121],"rather":[122],"in":[124],"practice.":[125],"A":[126],"theoretical":[127],"upper":[128],"bound":[129],"error":[132],"constructed":[136],"is":[139],"also":[140],"provided.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
