{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103752167","doi":null,"title":"Inequality, the middle class and economic growth in Indonesia: Evidence from cross province analysis","display_name":"Inequality, the middle class and economic growth in Indonesia: Evidence from cross province analysis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103752167","mag":"2103752167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2103752167","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15417/TSetiyowati_moodledata_temp_turnitintool_1225236032._60_1377151678_1987.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058434822","display_name":"Titis Wahyu Setiyowati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Titis Wahyu Setiyowati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058434822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class","display_name":"middle class","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-size","display_name":"population size","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provincial-economic-growth","display_name":"provincial economic growth","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-demand","display_name":"consumer demand","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-panel-data-models","display_name":"dynamic panel data","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7133721113204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.7006992101669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.689935564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6378057599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5468288660049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5232019424438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.44428551197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41077083349227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.36828944087028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3648297190666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.28112584352493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11374038457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07500427961349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0746505856513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2103752167","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15417/TSetiyowati_moodledata_temp_turnitintool_1225236032._60_1377151678_1987.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138802407","https://openalex.org/W197467589","https://openalex.org/W1490344242","https://openalex.org/W1490858860","https://openalex.org/W1503211871","https://openalex.org/W1562890050","https://openalex.org/W1577147781","https://openalex.org/W1606964474","https://openalex.org/W1687465818","https://openalex.org/W1865468538","https://openalex.org/W1883161411","https://openalex.org/W1965049724","https://openalex.org/W1968936982","https://openalex.org/W1978604921","https://openalex.org/W1996599626","https://openalex.org/W2000946066","https://openalex.org/W2003768532","https://openalex.org/W2019856397","https://openalex.org/W2024995482","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2028303601","https://openalex.org/W2034958548","https://openalex.org/W2073762559","https://openalex.org/W2109721573","https://openalex.org/W2123286530","https://openalex.org/W2144705212","https://openalex.org/W2150406300","https://openalex.org/W2161688622","https://openalex.org/W2165340260","https://openalex.org/W2183844586","https://openalex.org/W2413555678","https://openalex.org/W2607182094","https://openalex.org/W2891894567","https://openalex.org/W2891965326","https://openalex.org/W3021593216","https://openalex.org/W3028558897","https://openalex.org/W3120389717","https://openalex.org/W3121202593","https://openalex.org/W3121762824","https://openalex.org/W3122631373","https://openalex.org/W3123200913","https://openalex.org/W3124897968","https://openalex.org/W3126027997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234046034","https://openalex.org/W2740318689","https://openalex.org/W2905944466","https://openalex.org/W2904995855","https://openalex.org/W3091983981","https://openalex.org/W7112462461","https://openalex.org/W2904885292","https://openalex.org/W3003368662","https://openalex.org/W2778609536","https://openalex.org/W3116390221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2],"numerous":[3],"studies":[4,18],"conducted":[5],"to":[6,25,97,131,136,213,268,274],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,35,59,71,91,101,104,113,128,138,149,183,191,218,221,227,240,244,269,272],"link":[9,139],"between":[10,140,148,200],"inequality":[11,21,141,201,210],"and":[12,22,55,86,142,152,169,202,279],"economic":[13,23,43,79,143,203,215,234,257],"growth.":[14,80,216,258],"However,":[15],"typically,":[16],"these":[17,160,260],"only":[19],"relate":[20],"growth":[24,144,153,204,235],"poverty.":[26],"They":[27],"do":[28],"not":[29,224],"consider":[30],"another":[31],"factor,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,74,107,145,147],"middle":[36,72,92,105,150,228],"class":[37,73,106,151,229],"which":[38,181,187],"has":[39,230],"vital":[40],"roles,":[41],"especially":[42],"roles":[44],"where":[45],"for":[46,53,254],"example":[47],"it":[48],"can":[49,211,251],"be":[50,252,263],"potential":[51],"consumers":[52],"goods":[54],"services.":[56],"Especially":[57],"in":[58,125,156,205,236,282],"case":[60],"of":[61,76,78,84,90,103,109,271,276],"Indonesia,":[62,206],"there":[63,195],"is":[64,182,196],"no":[65],"study":[66,85],"that":[67,194,226,247],"takes":[68],"into":[69],"account":[70],"one":[75,108],"determinants":[77],"Considering":[81],"this":[82,94,133,188],"lack":[83],"potentially":[87],"important":[88],"role":[89],"class,":[93],"paper":[95,134,189],"tries":[96],"contribute":[98],"by":[99],"including":[100],"size":[102],"variables":[110],"while":[111],"examining":[112],"inequality-growth":[114],"relationship.":[115],"By":[116],"utilizing":[117],"a":[118,177,197,248],"panel":[119,166,171,179,284],"data":[120,167,172,285],"set":[121],"from":[122],"31":[123],"provinces":[124,155],"Indonesia":[126],"covering":[127],"years":[129],"2005":[130],"2010,":[132],"aims":[135],"examine":[137],"well":[146],"across":[154],"Indonesia.":[157,237],"To":[158],"meet":[159],"objectives,":[161],"pooled":[162],"OLS,":[163],"fixed":[164],"effect":[165,232],"model":[168,173,180,280],"dynamic":[170,178,283],"are":[174],"applied.\r\nBased":[175],"on":[176,186,233],"main":[184],"specification":[185,281],"relies,":[190],"results":[192,261,273],"show":[193],"positive":[198],"relationship":[199],"implying":[207],"higher":[208,214,256],"level":[209],"lead":[212],"On":[217],"other":[219],"hand,":[220],"result":[222,241],"does":[223],"indicate":[225],"an":[231],"In":[238],"addition,":[239],"also":[242],"supports":[243],"empirical":[245],"evidence":[246],"large":[249],"population":[250],"detrimental":[253],"achieving":[255],"Nevertheless,":[259],"must":[262],"treated":[264],"with":[265],"caution":[266],"due":[267],"sensitivity":[270],"choice":[275],"lag":[277],"length":[278],"model.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}