{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103647628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","title":"Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms","display_name":"Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103647628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","mag":"2103647628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/358549.358563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358549.358563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358549.358563","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025877023","display_name":"David Chaum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David L. Chaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of California, Berkeley","University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025877023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4371,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76298464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"84","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.050999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"public-key cryptography","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymous-voting","display_name":"anonymous voting","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/election-verification","display_name":"election verification","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymous-communication","display_name":"anonymous communication","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6901348233222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6314494013786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5668551325798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3846434950828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3587193489074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34381556510925293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/358549.358563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358549.358563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.128.8210","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.128.8210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/courses/cs395t_fall04/chaum81.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2607235567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://connections-qj.org/article/untraceable-electronic-mail-return-address-and-digital-pseudonyms","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3082126371","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200902093684756842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/358549.358563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/358549.358563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358549.358563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G177218894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F49620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103647628.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103647628.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2047925852","https://openalex.org/W2124219281","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W4232836212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098285314","https://openalex.org/W2607235567","https://openalex.org/W2904606492","https://openalex.org/W14282859","https://openalex.org/W2059144636","https://openalex.org/W7096492921","https://openalex.org/W2516358071","https://openalex.org/W2806611289","https://openalex.org/W2013302886","https://openalex.org/W3003730915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"technique":[1,37,63],"based":[2],"on":[3],"public":[4],"key":[5],"cryptography":[6],"is":[7],"presented":[8],"that":[9,97],"allows":[10,121],"an":[11,32,59,122],"electronic":[12],"mail":[13],"system":[14],"to":[15,49,56,68,82,87,124],"hide":[16],"who":[17],"a":[18,41,50,115,127,131,137],"participant":[19],"communicates":[20],"with":[21,112,126],"as":[22,24],"well":[23],"the":[25,28,54,79,98],"content":[26],"of":[27,31,71,117,139],"communication--in":[29],"spite":[30],"unsecured":[33],"underlying":[34],"telecommunication":[35],"system.The":[36],"does":[38],"not":[39],"require":[40],"universally":[42],"trusted":[43],"authority.One":[44],"correspondent":[45],"can":[46,64,95],"remain":[47],"anonymous":[48],"second,":[51],"while":[52],"allowing":[53],"second":[55],"respond":[57],"via":[58],"untraceble":[60],"return":[61],"address.The":[62],"also":[65],"be":[66],"used":[67],"form":[69,83],"rosters":[70],"untraceable":[72],"digital":[73,84],"pseudonyms":[74,113],"from":[75,114],"selected":[76],"applications.Applicants":[77],"retain":[78],"exclusive":[80],"ability":[81],"signatures":[85],"corresponding":[86],"their":[88],"pseudonyms.Elections":[89],"in":[90,136],"which":[91,134],"any":[92],"interested":[93],"party":[94],"verify":[96],"ballots":[99,109],"have":[100],"been":[101],"properly":[102],"counted":[103],"are":[104,110],"possible":[105],"if":[106],"anonymously":[107],"mailed":[108],"signed":[111],"roster":[116,138],"registered":[118],"voters.Another":[119],"use":[120],"individual":[123],"correspond":[125],"record-keeping":[128],"organization":[129],"under":[130],"unique":[132],"pseudonym":[133],"appears":[135],"acceptable":[140],"clients.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":161},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":157},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":181},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":190},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":204},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":226}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}