{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103645014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","title":"Evidence on the Incidence of Wage Posting, Wage Bargaining, and On-the-Job Search","display_name":"Evidence on the Incidence of Wage Posting, Wage Bargaining, and On-the-Job Search","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103645014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","mag":"2103645014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/mac.4.4.56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170166683","display_name":"American Economic Journal Macroeconomics","issn_l":"1945-7707","issn":["1945-7707","1945-7715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086784344","display_name":"Robert Ernest Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-6729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-6729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286498122","display_name":"Hoover Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/04ce9mt19","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286498122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert E Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hoover Institution and Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010 and National Bureau of Economic Research","STANFORD U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hoover Institution and Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010 and National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286498122","https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STANFORD U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alan B Krueger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan B Krueger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, currently on leave at the Council of Economic Advisers"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, currently on leave at the Council of Economic Advisers","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.0437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":218,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99535839,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"56","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-posting","display_name":"wage posting","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-bargaining","display_name":"wage bargaining","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-job-search","display_name":"on-the-job search","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-determination","display_name":"wage determination","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/take-it-or-leave-it-offers","display_name":"take-it-or-leave-it offers","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-search","display_name":"job search","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recruitment-process","display_name":"recruitment process","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-information","display_name":"labor market information","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.7381267547607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6426863670349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776493517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479542","display_name":"Seekers","level":2,"score":0.6403890252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993229322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452421","display_name":"Wage bargaining","level":3,"score":0.5672053694725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4829782545566559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.460682213306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40352991223335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38802000880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3501909077167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10600724816322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0717836320400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/mac.4.4.56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.4.56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170166683","display_name":"American Economic Journal Macroeconomics","issn_l":"1945-7707","issn":["1945-7707","1945-7715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1008.704","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1008.704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.stanford.edu/%7Erehall/Hall-Krueger%20Evidence.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.378.6477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.378.6477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.stanford.edu/~rehall/Hall-KruegerAEJMacro/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aejmac:v:4:y:2012:i:4:p:56-67","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/mac.4.4.56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966190525","https://openalex.org/W2130128307","https://openalex.org/W2138706729","https://openalex.org/W3122876909","https://openalex.org/W3124190716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538363586","https://openalex.org/W7100245727","https://openalex.org/W1516939417","https://openalex.org/W2120148768","https://openalex.org/W2028124070","https://openalex.org/W2337016233","https://openalex.org/W7096545775","https://openalex.org/W4205472907","https://openalex.org/W2160853406","https://openalex.org/W2004737668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"workers":[1,37,76,98,133],"bargain":[2],"with":[3,86],"prospective":[4],"employers":[5,137],"before":[6,67,146],"accepting":[7,68],"a":[8,12,16,32,73,89,118],"job.":[9,155],"Others":[10],"face":[11],"posted":[13],"wage":[14,22,42,92],"as":[15],"take-it-or-leave-it":[17],"opportunity.":[18],"Both":[19],"modes":[20],"of":[21,28,35,60,75,91,97,131],"determination":[23,43],"have":[24,103],"generated":[25],"large":[26],"bodies":[27],"research.":[29],"We":[30],"surveyed":[31],"representative":[33],"sample":[34],"US":[36],"to":[38,152],"inquire":[39],"about":[40,80],"the":[41,46,61,110,148,153],"process":[44],"at":[45,105,109],"time":[47,111],"they":[48,83,112],"were":[49,99],"hired":[50],"into":[51],"their":[52,69,87,106,114,136,140,143],"current":[53,70,115,154],"or":[54],"most":[55],"recent":[56],"jobs.":[57,71],"A":[58],"third":[59,74],"respondents":[62],"reported":[63,134],"bargaining":[64,121],"over":[65],"pay":[66,81,141],"Almost":[72],"had":[77,138],"precise":[78],"information":[79],"when":[82],"first":[84],"met":[85],"employers,":[88],"sign":[90],"posting.":[93],"About":[94,129],"40":[95],"percent":[96],"on-the-job":[100],"searchers\u2014they":[101],"could":[102],"remained":[104],"earlier":[107,144],"jobs":[108,145],"accepted":[113],"jobs,":[116],"indicating":[117],"more":[119],"favorable":[120],"position":[122],"than":[123],"is":[124],"held":[125],"by":[126],"unemployed":[127],"job-seekers.":[128],"half":[130],"all":[132],"that":[135,150],"learned":[139],"in":[142],"making":[147],"offer":[149],"led":[151],"(JEL":[156],"C83,":[157],"J31,":[158],"J52,":[159],"J64)":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}