{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103600925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","title":"The Theory of Social Custom: A Modification and Some Extensions","display_name":"The Theory of Social Custom: A Modification and Some Extensions","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103600925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","mag":"2103600925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1883122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203860005","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0033-5533","issn":["0033-5533","1531-4650"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007422726","display_name":"David Romer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Romer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007422726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":7619,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7619},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94352127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"4","first_page":"717","last_page":"717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.3386000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.3386000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.17479999363422394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.1729000061750412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-custom","display_name":"social custom","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"sanctions","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/involuntary-unemployment","display_name":"involuntary unemployment","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-wage","display_name":"just wage","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worker-heterogeneity","display_name":"worker heterogeneity","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-determination","display_name":"wage determination","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.8298208713531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6607369780540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5808515548706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5076311826705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17058676","display_name":"Involuntary unemployment","level":3,"score":0.4636007845401764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.45519670844078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4200126528739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.41748854517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40906932950019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3569175899028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3067525625228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20639970898628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18733525276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1690363883972168}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1883122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1883122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203860005","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0033-5533","issn":["0033-5533","1531-4650"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:99:y:1984:i:4:p:717-727.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1883122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049652915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095693402","https://openalex.org/W2200113965","https://openalex.org/W2017116802","https://openalex.org/W4242550783","https://openalex.org/W7097968524","https://openalex.org/W2031818767","https://openalex.org/W2233164679","https://openalex.org/W2002679021","https://openalex.org/W2093599084","https://openalex.org/W2087307848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Can":[0,5],"unprofitable":[1],"social":[2,16,77],"customs":[3,48,78],"persist?":[4],"they":[6],"account":[7],"for":[8,24],"important":[9],"economic":[10],"phenomena?":[11],"Akerlof's":[12,87],"original":[13],"model":[14,39,71,82],"of":[15,33,76,89],"custom":[17,27],"suffers":[18],"from":[19],"two":[20],"defects:":[21],"First,":[22],"sanctions":[23,61],"violating":[25],"the":[26,31,34,38,42,66,70,74],"depend":[28],"discontinuously":[29],"on":[30,41],"size":[32],"violation,":[35],"and":[36,51],"second,":[37],"borders":[40],"unmanageable.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"shows":[46],"that":[47],"can":[49,52],"persist":[50],"lead":[53],"to":[54,85,93],"such":[55],"phenomena":[56],"as":[57],"involuntary":[58],"unemployment":[59],"when":[60],"are":[62,98],"continuous.":[63],"More":[64],"important,":[65],"continuity":[67],"assumption":[68],"simplifies":[69],"dramatically,":[72],"making":[73],"analysis":[75,88],"tractable.":[79],"The":[80],"simplified":[81],"is":[83],"used":[84],"extend":[86],"a":[90],"\u201cjust":[91],"wage\u201d":[92],"cases":[94],"in":[95],"which":[96],"workers":[97],"heterogeneous.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}