{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103558905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","title":"Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Low-Level Antiseptic Resistance Gene smr in Staphylococcus aureus","display_name":"Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Low-Level Antiseptic Resistance Gene smr in Staphylococcus aureus","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103558905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","mag":"2103558905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/107662903322541838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178647319","display_name":"Microbial Drug Resistance","issn_l":"1076-6294","issn":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbial Drug Resistance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074209521","display_name":"Md. Mahbub Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-8546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-8546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141882310","display_name":"Sapporo Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h7cca57","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Mahbub Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062545720","display_name":"Masaho Ishino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141882310","display_name":"Sapporo Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h7cca57","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaho Ishino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045499749","display_name":"Nobumichi Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-6211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-6211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141882310","display_name":"Sapporo Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h7cca57","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobumichi Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141882310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71733902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1_suppl","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.04320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smr-gene","display_name":"smr gene","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-efflux-pumps","display_name":"multidrug efflux pumps","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-cassettes","display_name":"gene cassettes","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-diversity","display_name":"genomic diversity","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethidium-bromide-resistance","display_name":"ethidium bromide resistance","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-isolates","display_name":"clinical isolates","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copy-number","display_name":"copy number","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10147152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5413339","display_name":"Gene cassette","level":5,"score":0.951364278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100012643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384844","display_name":"Expression cassette","level":5,"score":0.6570937633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6546161770820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5672358274459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.47030776739120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17757408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135516","display_name":"genomic DNA","level":3,"score":0.4665301442146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.45357856154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4451361298561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133936738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643839","display_name":"Multiple drug resistance","level":3,"score":0.41429680585861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420197","display_name":"Integron","level":4,"score":0.38033339381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.22425299882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.0570523738861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000891","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004996","descriptor_name":"Ethidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008712","descriptor_name":"Methicillin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012091","descriptor_name":"Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016106","descriptor_name":"Methicillin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017920","descriptor_name":"Antiporters","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029968","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/107662903322541838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107662903322541838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178647319","display_name":"Microbial Drug Resistance","issn_l":"1076-6294","issn":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbial Drug Resistance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14633361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543647466","https://openalex.org/W1581962345","https://openalex.org/W1889500336","https://openalex.org/W1970884855","https://openalex.org/W1975361143","https://openalex.org/W1978637441","https://openalex.org/W1985993338","https://openalex.org/W1988708705","https://openalex.org/W1994705152","https://openalex.org/W1994895410","https://openalex.org/W1996077322","https://openalex.org/W1998977671","https://openalex.org/W2001386747","https://openalex.org/W2007219940","https://openalex.org/W2014024811","https://openalex.org/W2023268061","https://openalex.org/W2026355955","https://openalex.org/W2052303008","https://openalex.org/W2062103917","https://openalex.org/W2063393878","https://openalex.org/W2068877095","https://openalex.org/W2101585257","https://openalex.org/W2103428939","https://openalex.org/W2108963664","https://openalex.org/W2121964527","https://openalex.org/W2129100984","https://openalex.org/W2132492411","https://openalex.org/W2139106858","https://openalex.org/W2153182750","https://openalex.org/W2153360089","https://openalex.org/W2164527823","https://openalex.org/W2167131009","https://openalex.org/W2179964433","https://openalex.org/W2401545217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995905941","https://openalex.org/W2179964433","https://openalex.org/W2092804355","https://openalex.org/W2291779711","https://openalex.org/W1970884855","https://openalex.org/W2115650349","https://openalex.org/W4403481838","https://openalex.org/W4390156558","https://openalex.org/W2624331236","https://openalex.org/W1990621832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multidrug":[1],"efflux":[2],"pump":[3],"specified":[4],"by":[5,174],"the":[6,17,58,98,105,115,119,145,151,164,189,201,232,245,254,258,262,275],"smr":[7,21,30,59,72,106,168,214,242,259],"gene":[8,24,73,107,121,243,260],"mediates":[9],"low-level":[10],"antiseptic":[11],"resistance":[12],"in":[13,36,47,70,97,156,219,261,274],"staphylococci.":[14],"We":[15],"analyzed":[16],"genomic":[18,175],"diversity":[19],"of":[20,40,56,104,131,144,167,195,210,225,257],"and":[22,31,83,122,139,169,180,199,221,227],"its":[23],"cassette,":[25,108,118,244],"a":[26,48,101,123,134,157,207],"structural":[27],"unit":[28],"containing":[29],"terminal":[32],"direct":[33],"repeats":[34],"(DRs),":[35],"22":[37],"clinical":[38],"strains":[39,235],"Staphylococcus":[41],"aureus":[42],"isolated":[43],"over":[44],"9":[45],"years":[46],"Japanese":[49],"hospital.":[50],"Although":[51,223],"open":[52],"reading":[53],"frames":[54],"(ORFs)":[55],"all":[57],"genes":[60],"examined":[61],"were":[62,75,128,230],"identical":[63,91],"to":[64,94,268],"those":[65,218],"reported":[66,213],"previously":[67,212],"(e.g.,":[68],"qacD":[69],"pSK41),":[71],"cassettes":[74,183],"classified":[76],"into":[77],"three":[78],"groups":[79],"(types":[80],"1,":[81,238],"2,":[82,239],"3).":[84],"The":[85],"type":[86,116,146,152,178,181,190,202,237,246,263,276,279],"1":[87,147,191,247,277],"cassette":[88,148,154,192,204,248,265],"had":[89],"an":[90],"genetic":[92],"organization":[93],"that":[95,177,200,273],"found":[96,129,267],"plasmid":[99],"pSK41,":[100],"putative":[102,124],"prototype":[103],"which":[109,141],"contains":[110],"DRs":[111],"flanking":[112],"smr.":[113],"In":[114,150],"2":[117,179,203,264],"rep":[120],"replication":[125],"nick":[126],"site":[127],"upstream":[130],"smr,":[132],"between":[133,163],"SSOA":[135],"(single-strand":[136],"origin)":[137],"sequence":[138],"DR1c,":[140],"are":[142],"components":[143],"DR.":[149,170],"3":[153,182,241,280],"detected":[155,250],"single":[158],"strain,":[159],"IS431":[160],"was":[161,172,249,266],"located":[162],"3'":[165],"end":[166],"It":[171],"suggested":[173],"comparison":[176],"might":[184,205],"have":[185],"been":[186],"derived":[187],"from":[188],"via":[193],"insertion":[194],"foreign":[196],"DNA":[197],"sequence,":[198],"be":[206,269],"precursor":[208],"form":[209],"some":[211],"cassettes,":[215],"such":[216],"as":[217],"pSK108":[220],"pNVH99.":[222],"MICs":[224],"antiseptics":[226],"ethidium":[228],"bromide":[229],"generally":[231],"same":[233],"among":[234],"having":[236],"or":[240,278],"most":[251],"frequently.":[252],"Moreover,":[253],"copy":[255],"number":[256],"much":[270],"higher":[271],"than":[272],"cassette.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}