{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103538140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","title":"Early Withdrawal from the Labor Force","display_name":"Early Withdrawal from the Labor Force","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103538140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","mag":"2103538140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0164027587094003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165865588","display_name":"Research on Aging","issn_l":"0164-0275","issn":["0164-0275","1552-7573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research on Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067972987","display_name":"Rachel Floersheim Boaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Floersheim Boaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067972987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"530","last_page":"547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-retirement","display_name":"early retirement","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-withdrawal","display_name":"labor force withdrawal","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-workers","display_name":"older workers","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-benefits","display_name":"social security benefits","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-opportunities","display_name":"employment opportunities","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-conditions","display_name":"labor market conditions","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-age","display_name":"retirement age","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.6938920021057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6927893161773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179879699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7578697","display_name":"Split labor market theory","level":4,"score":0.635232150554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5803741216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.5502399206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72614640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7443850","display_name":"Secondary labor market","level":3,"score":0.5448300242424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5058717131614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41199034452438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80984254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608190","display_name":"Labor relations","level":2,"score":0.28350722789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.17966505885124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07337284088134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0164027587094003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027587094003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165865588","display_name":"Research on Aging","issn_l":"0164-0275","issn":["0164-0275","1552-7573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research on Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56766191","https://openalex.org/W1506961933","https://openalex.org/W1508958356","https://openalex.org/W1514211738","https://openalex.org/W1516027638","https://openalex.org/W1527492293","https://openalex.org/W1544868124","https://openalex.org/W1572399471","https://openalex.org/W1582341588","https://openalex.org/W1588174690","https://openalex.org/W1597065944","https://openalex.org/W1598839961","https://openalex.org/W2013678861","https://openalex.org/W2015728767","https://openalex.org/W2026312699","https://openalex.org/W2070025767","https://openalex.org/W2085655789","https://openalex.org/W2094893263","https://openalex.org/W2105089534","https://openalex.org/W2158485890","https://openalex.org/W2272081926","https://openalex.org/W2331355079","https://openalex.org/W2333285455","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4320800860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122339821","https://openalex.org/W7100028785","https://openalex.org/W1980997574","https://openalex.org/W1506146561","https://openalex.org/W1504191892","https://openalex.org/W2625788000","https://openalex.org/W1579956444","https://openalex.org/W148596956","https://openalex.org/W2120291235","https://openalex.org/W4408534254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Not-yet-old":[0],"men":[1,39],"whose":[2],"health":[3],"is":[4,31],"not":[5,19],"failing":[6],"are":[7,56,67],"retiring":[8],"from":[9,92],"the":[10,25,93],"labor":[11,75,94],"market":[12,76,95],"at":[13,52,69],"a":[14],"time":[15],"when":[16],"they":[17,45,55,66],"do":[18],"receive":[20],"any":[21],"pension":[22],"income":[23,30],"and":[24],"level":[26],"of":[27,48],"their":[28],"nonwage":[29],"very":[32],"low.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"examines":[36],"why":[37],"such":[38],"stop":[40],"working":[41],"as":[42,44,88],"early":[43],"do,":[46],"instead":[47],"continuing":[49],"to":[50,59,90],"work":[51],"least":[53],"until":[54],"old":[57],"enough":[58],"claim":[60],"social":[61],"security":[62],"benefits":[63],"(to":[64],"which":[65],"entitled":[68],"age":[70,97],"62).":[71],"It":[72],"finds":[73],"that":[74,78],"conditions":[77],"result":[79],"in":[80],"diminished":[81],"employment":[82],"opportunities":[83],"cannot":[84],"be":[85],"ruled":[86],"out":[87],"conducive":[89],"withdrawal":[91],"before":[96],"62.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
