{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103479934","doi":null,"title":"Amplification and enhanced expression of the c-Ki-ras2 protooncogene in human embryonal carcinomas.","display_name":"Amplification and enhanced expression of the c-Ki-ras2 protooncogene in human embryonal carcinomas.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103479934","mag":"2103479934","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2886216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2886216","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2886216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012439205","display_name":"Lai-che Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L C Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070228704","display_name":"William C. Vass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Vass","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085492067","display_name":"Changlie Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C L Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110093708","display_name":"Kenneth S. S. Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K S Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.697,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67751129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"15","first_page":"4192","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.15870000422000885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.15870000422000885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10253","display_name":"Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.09480000287294388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11069","display_name":"Testicular diseases and treatments","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrna-overexpression","display_name":"mRNA overexpression","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-instability","display_name":"genomic instability","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinogenesis","display_name":"carcinogenesis","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.729995608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6635197401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.5213667154312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.4875180423259735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.4704151451587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4503185451030731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780327976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1451877","display_name":"Embryonal carcinoma","level":4,"score":0.4438612461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775904623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108529","display_name":"Tera-","level":2,"score":0.4386168122291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.42557328939437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.424702525138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.4185878336429596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148738053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861","display_name":"Cellular differentiation","level":3,"score":0.22006011009216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.15594351291656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000782","descriptor_name":"Aneuploidy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002822","descriptor_name":"Choriocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002822","descriptor_name":"Choriocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002869","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Aberrations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002881","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004273","descriptor_name":"DNA, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005784","descriptor_name":"Gene Amplification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011061","descriptor_name":"Poly A","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012334","descriptor_name":"RNA, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013724","descriptor_name":"Teratoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013724","descriptor_name":"Teratoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013724","descriptor_name":"Teratoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014594","descriptor_name":"Uterine Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014594","descriptor_name":"Uterine Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016283","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2886216","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2886216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:2103479934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2886216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84204542","https://openalex.org/W1472535618","https://openalex.org/W1511384290","https://openalex.org/W1580894495","https://openalex.org/W1845836588","https://openalex.org/W1921700175","https://openalex.org/W1966973502","https://openalex.org/W1973071934","https://openalex.org/W1979692119","https://openalex.org/W1986093376","https://openalex.org/W1987234748","https://openalex.org/W1988622703","https://openalex.org/W1989233727","https://openalex.org/W1990205754","https://openalex.org/W1994775044","https://openalex.org/W1995337883","https://openalex.org/W1996224662","https://openalex.org/W1997385847","https://openalex.org/W2007256480","https://openalex.org/W2007675615","https://openalex.org/W2011795445","https://openalex.org/W2012399090","https://openalex.org/W2014165281","https://openalex.org/W2022213176","https://openalex.org/W2022682236","https://openalex.org/W2024280594","https://openalex.org/W2024545138","https://openalex.org/W2029014948","https://openalex.org/W2030534890","https://openalex.org/W2037312854","https://openalex.org/W2046302025","https://openalex.org/W2048324748","https://openalex.org/W2050041621","https://openalex.org/W2050688761","https://openalex.org/W2056120923","https://openalex.org/W2058649415","https://openalex.org/W2063361805","https://openalex.org/W2073006672","https://openalex.org/W2073101093","https://openalex.org/W2073683003","https://openalex.org/W2085214231","https://openalex.org/W2159072093","https://openalex.org/W2160544249","https://openalex.org/W2167105480","https://openalex.org/W2411610440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1472535618","https://openalex.org/W2101322183","https://openalex.org/W2017692699","https://openalex.org/W1921700175","https://openalex.org/W2411576082","https://openalex.org/W2274766006","https://openalex.org/W7214240748","https://openalex.org/W7097773852","https://openalex.org/W2055905853","https://openalex.org/W66908765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"cell":[1,67],"lines":[2],"of":[3,20,40,61,73,76],"human":[4,64,82,123],"embryonal":[5,83,109,124],"carcinoma,":[6],"Tera-1":[7,142],"and":[8,45,48,54,90,107,143,176],"Tera-2,":[9],"have":[10,127],"been":[11],"found":[12],"to":[13,17,103,188,195],"exhibit":[14],"a":[15,62],"4-":[16],"6-fold":[18],"amplification":[19,89,98,129,167],"protooncogene":[21],"c-Ki-ras2.":[22],"The":[23],"polyadenylic":[24],"acid":[25],"selected":[26],"RNA":[27],"also":[28,85],"showed":[29,86,111],"8-fold":[30],"or":[31],"greater":[32],"enhancement,":[33],"showing":[34],"marked":[35],"elevation":[36],"in":[37,133,141,149,152],"the":[38,74,95,166,173,181],"level":[39],"two":[41,49],"major":[42],"mRNAs,":[43,52],"5.7":[44],"4.0":[46],"kilobases,":[47,56],"additional":[50],"minor":[51],"2.3":[53],"1.2":[55],"as":[57],"compared":[58],"with":[59],"those":[60],"normal":[63],"embryonic":[65],"fibroblast":[66],"line,":[68],"MRC-5.":[69],"More":[70],"than":[71],"one-half":[72],"number":[75],"tumor":[77],"samples":[78],"obtained":[79],"from":[80],"metastatic":[81],"carcinomas":[84,110,125],"c-Ki-ras2":[87,96,116,128,154,191],"gene":[88,97,117],"enhanced":[91,104],"mRNA":[92,105,112],"expression.":[93],"However,":[94],"did":[99],"not":[100,163],"always":[101],"lead":[102],"expression,":[106],"some":[108],"overexpression":[113,131],"without":[114],"apparent":[115],"amplification.":[118],"These":[119],"results":[120],"suggest":[121],"that":[122,172],"may":[126,185,193],"and/or":[130],"before":[132],"vitro":[134],"culture.":[135],"Among":[136],"various":[137],"chromosomal":[138],"changes":[139,160,189],"observed":[140],"Tera-2":[144],"cells,":[145],"there":[146],"were":[147],"anomalies":[148],"chromosome":[150],"12":[151],"which":[153,192],"is":[155,170],"located":[156],"although":[157],"these":[158],"karyological":[159],"alone":[161],"could":[162],"account":[164],"for":[165],"observed.":[168],"It":[169],"suggested":[171],"genomic":[174],"instability":[175],"active":[177],"DNA":[178],"replication":[179],"during":[180],"early":[182],"developmental":[183],"period":[184],"give":[186],"rise":[187],"involving":[190],"contribute":[194],"oncogenic":[196],"processes.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}