{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103383534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","title":"Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in cycling events: are preventive measures effective?","display_name":"Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in cycling events: are preventive measures effective?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103383534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","mag":"2103383534","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591923","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9151891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0950268812000817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B038622FD91BFB68333A003E31C631C0/S0950268812000817a.pdf/div-class-title-gastrointestinal-disease-outbreaks-in-cycling-events-are-preventive-measures-effective-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61175029","display_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","issn_l":"0950-2688","issn":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B038622FD91BFB68333A003E31C631C0/S0950268812000817a.pdf/div-class-title-gastrointestinal-disease-outbreaks-in-cycling-events-are-preventive-measures-effective-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045535991","display_name":"Ricardo Mex\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-7940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-7940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57210546","display_name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9v1h75","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I57210546"]}],"countries":["NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. MEXIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57210546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053849195","display_name":"Line Vold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. VOLD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088417073","display_name":"Berit Tafjord Heier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. T. HEIER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066610884","display_name":"Karin Maria Nyg\u00e5rd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. NYG\u00c5RD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045535991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I57210546"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75045934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"141","issue":"3","first_page":"517","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.16279999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10976","display_name":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","score":0.0689999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-diseases","display_name":"gastrointestinal diseases","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrhea","display_name":"diarrhea","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-competitions","display_name":"cycling events","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak-prevention","display_name":"outbreak prevention","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-control-measures","display_name":"environmental control measures","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-measures","display_name":"preventive measures","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-rate","display_name":"attack rate","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7825678586959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.6545782089233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37701844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3955915","display_name":"Attack rate","level":3,"score":0.5963636040687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5300949215888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5144650936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5019431114196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.49728062748908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.41612476110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3912031054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.373171329498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21144801378250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09992817044258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001642","descriptor_name":"Bicycling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012988","descriptor_name":"Soil Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057226","descriptor_name":"Information Seeking Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0950268812000817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B038622FD91BFB68333A003E31C631C0/S0950268812000817a.pdf/div-class-title-gastrointestinal-disease-outbreaks-in-cycling-events-are-preventive-measures-effective-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61175029","display_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","issn_l":"0950-2688","issn":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9151891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9151891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiol Infect","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22591923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology and infection","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0950268812000817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000817","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B038622FD91BFB68333A003E31C631C0/S0950268812000817a.pdf/div-class-title-gastrointestinal-disease-outbreaks-in-cycling-events-are-preventive-measures-effective-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61175029","display_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","issn_l":"0950-2688","issn":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology and Infection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103383534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103383534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001734930","https://openalex.org/W2045624271","https://openalex.org/W2113398112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977673191","https://openalex.org/W2988063813","https://openalex.org/W2733473075","https://openalex.org/W3217608033","https://openalex.org/W2968852352","https://openalex.org/W2586012617","https://openalex.org/W2029002201","https://openalex.org/W2595738532","https://openalex.org/W1973449369","https://openalex.org/W2323005726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"2009,":[1],"following":[2],"a":[3,6,55,110,127],"bike":[4,43],"race,":[5],"gastrointestinal":[7,78,131],"illness":[8],"outbreak":[9],"affected":[10],"many":[11],"participants.":[12],"A":[13,80],"cohort":[14,57],"study":[15,58],"showed":[16],"an":[17],"attack":[18],"rate":[19,83,93],"of":[20,68,106,116,149],"16\u00b73%":[21],"with":[22,77,90],"the":[23,31,42,66,96,114,137],"main":[24],"risk":[25,74],"factor":[26],"being":[27],"mud":[28],"splashes":[29],"to":[30,39,64,72],"face.":[32],"Considering":[33],"these":[34],"findings,":[35],"in":[36,41,113,130,147],"2010":[37],"recommendations":[38],"participants":[40,100],"race":[44],"were":[45,51],"issued":[46],"and":[47,71,86,126,142],"environmental":[48,150],"control":[49,151],"measures":[50,70,138,152],"implemented.":[52],"2010,":[54],"retrospective":[56],"using":[59],"web-based":[60],"questionnaires":[61],"was":[62,84,109],"conducted":[63],"measure":[65],"use":[67,115],"preventive":[69,124],"assess":[73],"factors":[75],"associated":[76],"illness.":[79,132],"69%":[81],"response":[82],"achieved":[85],"11721":[87],"records":[88],"analysed,":[89],"572":[91],"(attack":[92],"4\u00b79%)":[94],"matching":[95],"case":[97],"definition,":[98],"i.e.":[99],"reporting":[101],"diarrhoea":[102],"within":[103],"10":[104],"days":[105],"race.":[107],"There":[108],"clear":[111],"increase":[112],"mudguards":[117],"(96\u00b77%":[118],"reported":[119],"access":[120],"to/receiving":[121],"information":[122],"on":[123],"measures)":[125],"significant":[128],"decrease":[129],"This":[133],"may":[134],"indicate":[135],"that":[136],"have":[139],"been":[140],"effective":[141],"should":[143],"be":[144],"considered,":[145],"both":[146],"terms":[148],"as":[153,155],"well":[154],"individual":[156],"measures.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}