{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103343151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","title":"An Examination of the Reading Performance of Students with Mild Educational Handicaps or Learning Disabilities","display_name":"An Examination of the Reading Performance of Students with Mild Educational Handicaps or Learning Disabilities","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103343151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","mag":"2103343151","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2341797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221949002300507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061090735","display_name":"John F. Cawley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John F. Cawley","raw_affiliation_strings":["John F. Cawley is professor of education, Department of Learning and Instruction, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John F. Cawley is professor of education, Department of Learning and Instruction, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040576627","display_name":"James Hull Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7156-3589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7156-3589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192396691","display_name":"LSU New Orleans","ror":"https://ror.org/034mtvk83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["James H. Miller is assistant professor, Department of Special Education and Habilitative Services, University of New Orleans"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James H. Miller is assistant professor, Department of Special Education and Habilitative Services, University of New Orleans","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042205897","display_name":"Sonya C. Carr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192396691","display_name":"LSU New Orleans","ror":"https://ror.org/034mtvk83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonya C. Carr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sonya C. Carr is a graduate research assistant, Department of Special Education and Habilitative Services, University of New Orleans. Address: Dept. of Learning and Instruction, 593 Baldy Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sonya C. Carr is a graduate research assistant, Department of Special Education and Habilitative Services, University of New Orleans. Address: Dept. of Learning and Instruction, 593 Baldy Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73704438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"284","last_page":"290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-based-assessment","display_name":"curriculum-based assessment","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm-referenced-assessment","display_name":"norm-referenced assessment","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-content","display_name":"scientific content","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.778252899646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7734351754188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7100018858909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6657091975212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5948018431663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.58827805519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55762236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195135","display_name":"Curriculum-based measurement","level":5,"score":0.49800539016723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.49463173747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.4844960868358612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.43921148777008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4267060160636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.36173897981643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.33132678270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.16145962476730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11773571372032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10749435424804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143266803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195143","display_name":"Curriculum mapping","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000124","descriptor_name":"Achievement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004519","descriptor_name":"Education, Special","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221949002300507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949002300507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2341797","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2341797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582755705","https://openalex.org/W1823243067","https://openalex.org/W1860450882","https://openalex.org/W1872019827","https://openalex.org/W1936361398","https://openalex.org/W2021273934","https://openalex.org/W2061363372","https://openalex.org/W2127437188","https://openalex.org/W2134904653","https://openalex.org/W2147908669","https://openalex.org/W2157041317","https://openalex.org/W2943237883","https://openalex.org/W2992711609","https://openalex.org/W4234645257","https://openalex.org/W4300297215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W129599162","https://openalex.org/W2112314191","https://openalex.org/W1992638252","https://openalex.org/W2062213262","https://openalex.org/W2353088271","https://openalex.org/W3132153119","https://openalex.org/W2725677428","https://openalex.org/W2724327038","https://openalex.org/W2189614714","https://openalex.org/W65309445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reading":[0,12,34],"performance":[1,35,49],"is":[2,13],"a":[3,40,66],"primary":[4],"concern":[5],"in":[6,27,39,103],"both":[7],"regular":[8],"and":[9,32,70],"special":[10],"education.":[11],"also":[14],"the":[15,48,86],"dominant":[16],"medium":[17],"through":[18],"which":[19],"educators":[20],"conduct":[21],"lessons,":[22],"or":[23,59],"students":[24,51,97],"acquire":[25],"information":[26],"subjects":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"science":[31,77],"mathematics.":[33],"can":[36],"be":[37],"measured":[38],"variety":[41],"of":[42,50,68,90],"ways.":[43],"The":[44],"present":[45],"study":[46],"examined":[47],"with":[52,98],"mild":[53],"educational":[54],"handicaps":[55],"(n":[56,62],"=":[57,63],"28)":[58],"learning":[60,99],"disabilities":[61,100],"38)":[64],"on":[65,88],"combination":[67],"norm-referenced":[69],"curriculum-based":[71],"assessment":[72],"(CBA)":[73],"approaches":[74],"that":[75],"used":[76],"content.":[78],"Overall,":[79],"there":[80],"were":[81],"no":[82],"significant":[83,94],"differences":[84,95],"between":[85],"samples":[87],"measures":[89],"word":[91],"recognition,":[92],"but":[93],"favoring":[96],"did":[101],"occur":[102],"comprehension.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
