{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103095291","doi":null,"title":"Effects of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise on Epidermal Barriers against Microbial Invasion.","display_name":"Effects of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise on Epidermal Barriers against Microbial Invasion.","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103095291","mag":"2103095291","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149724","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3761748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2789361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3761748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3761748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038577428","display_name":"Nobuhiko Eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-6955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-6955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuhiko Eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University , Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University , Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032348084","display_name":"Kazuhiro Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-0939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-0939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Satomi Suzuki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satomi Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064697061","display_name":"Eunjae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-2194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-2194"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunjae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030304854","display_name":"Takao Akama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2448"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Akama","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56811203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"44","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.13950000703334808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10837","display_name":"Dermatology and Skin Diseases","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-barrier","display_name":"skin barrier","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secretory-iga","display_name":"secretory IgA","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-beta-defensin-2","display_name":"human beta-defensin 2","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus","display_name":"Staphylococcus","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-microbiome","display_name":"skin microbiome","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-barrier","display_name":"immune barrier","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-barriers","display_name":"physical barriers","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletes","display_name":"athletes","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2038676","display_name":"Stratum corneum","level":2,"score":0.8740383982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991981033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Skin barrier","level":2,"score":0.6021034121513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5932657718658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48733577132225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4068889021873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20471441745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.16310471296310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2789361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3761748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24149724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3761748","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3761748/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Sports Sci Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2103095291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2789361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3761748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137405947","https://openalex.org/W320910934","https://openalex.org/W1618827826","https://openalex.org/W1803789632","https://openalex.org/W1967941292","https://openalex.org/W1969885198","https://openalex.org/W1969926928","https://openalex.org/W1971389550","https://openalex.org/W1973380251","https://openalex.org/W1978984337","https://openalex.org/W1983782088","https://openalex.org/W1984299444","https://openalex.org/W1986230734","https://openalex.org/W1987103336","https://openalex.org/W2005552821","https://openalex.org/W2007239016","https://openalex.org/W2013621172","https://openalex.org/W2018839072","https://openalex.org/W2021773163","https://openalex.org/W2024016078","https://openalex.org/W2025230440","https://openalex.org/W2038723439","https://openalex.org/W2039866387","https://openalex.org/W2042824450","https://openalex.org/W2044364035","https://openalex.org/W2052296748","https://openalex.org/W2053133856","https://openalex.org/W2054083814","https://openalex.org/W2054659006","https://openalex.org/W2072764750","https://openalex.org/W2075061399","https://openalex.org/W2093412162","https://openalex.org/W2098542668","https://openalex.org/W2125985831","https://openalex.org/W2127706077","https://openalex.org/W2153932106","https://openalex.org/W2157554312","https://openalex.org/W2326394272","https://openalex.org/W2340968872","https://openalex.org/W2341519056","https://openalex.org/W2596958349","https://openalex.org/W2914175771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003439277","https://openalex.org/W7168131952","https://openalex.org/W2074974097","https://openalex.org/W7133490428","https://openalex.org/W7081941368","https://openalex.org/W146201066","https://openalex.org/W2122195884","https://openalex.org/W2524676086","https://openalex.org/W4400688332","https://openalex.org/W7154492078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"athletes,":[1],"preventing":[2],"infectious":[3],"disease":[4],"on":[5,18,38,200],"skin":[6,22,223,249,265,289,296],"is":[7],"important.":[8],"Examination":[9],"measurement":[10],"of":[11,21,26,34,133,158,176,222,247,264,287],"epidermal":[12,39],"barriers":[13],"could":[14],"provide":[15],"valuable":[16],"information":[17],"the":[19,32,134,154,159,201,212,220,226,229,244,262,284],"risk":[20,221,263],"infections.":[23],"The":[24,174],"aim":[25],"this":[27,240],"study":[28],"was":[29,100,121,137,162,178],"to":[30,60,191],"determine":[31],"effects":[33],"high-intensity":[35,271,278],"endurance":[36,208,272,279],"exercise":[37,52,209,280],"barriers.":[40,250],"Six":[41],"healthy":[42],"adult":[43],"males":[44],"(age;":[45],"22.3":[46],"\u00b1":[47],"1.6":[48],"years)":[49],"performed":[50],"bicycle":[51],"at":[53,98,104,116,125,140,143,165,169,181,184,194,198],"75%HRmax":[54],"for":[55,301],"60":[56,106,145,195],"min":[57,107,110,120,149,167,196],"from":[58],"18:30":[59,67],"19:30.":[61],"Skin":[62],"surface":[63,297],"samples":[64],"were":[65,88],"measured":[66,89],"(pre),":[68],"19:30":[69],"(post),":[70],"20:30":[71],"(60":[72],"min),":[73],"and":[74,82,108,118,147,189,215,218,235,255,261,281,309],"21:30":[75],"(120":[76],"min).":[77],"Secretory":[78],"immunoglobulin":[79],"A":[80],"(SIgA)":[81],"human":[83],"\u03b2-defensin":[84],"2":[85],"(HBD-2)":[86],"concentrations":[87],"using":[90,310],"an":[91],"enzyme-linked":[92],"immunosorbent":[93],"assay":[94],"(ELISA).":[95],"SIgA":[96],"concentration":[97,115],"pre":[99,126,170,185,199],"significantly":[101,122,138,163,179],"higher":[102,123,139,180,193],"than":[103,124,142,168,183,197],"post,":[105],"120":[109,119,148,166],"(p":[111,127,150,171,186,203],"<":[112,128,151,172,187],"0.05).":[113,152,173],"HBD-2":[114],"post":[117,141,182],"0.":[129,205],"05).":[130],"Moisture":[131],"content":[132,157],"stratum":[135,160],"corneum":[136,161],"pre,":[144],"min,":[146],"On":[153,225],"chest,":[155],"moisture":[156],"lower":[164],"number":[175],"staphylococci":[177],"0.05),":[188],"tended":[190],"be":[192,259,268],"chest":[202],"=":[204],"08).":[206],"High-intensity":[207],"might":[210,242,258,267,282],"depress":[211],"immune":[213,253],"barrier":[214,217,231,241,254,257,275],"physical":[216,256],"enhance":[219],"infection.":[224],"other":[227,248,288],"hand,":[228],"biochemical":[230,274],"increases":[232,276],"after":[233,277,306],"exercise,":[234],"our":[236],"findings":[237],"suggest":[238],"that":[239,292],"supplement":[243,283],"compromised":[245,285],"function":[246,286],"Key":[251],"pointsThe":[252],"depressed":[260],"infection":[266],"enhanced":[269],"by":[270,303],"exercise.The":[273],"barriers.We":[290],"recommend":[291],"athletes":[293],"maintain":[294],"their":[295],"in":[298],"good":[299],"condition,":[300],"example,":[302],"showering":[304],"immediately":[305],"sports":[307],"activities":[308],"moisturizers.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}