{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102914531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","title":"A least-squares algorithm for multipath time-delay estimation","display_name":"A least-squares algorithm for multipath time-delay estimation","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102914531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","mag":"2102914531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/78.330381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/ele_facpubs/1167","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072370251","display_name":"T. Manickam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.G. Manickam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085460071","display_name":"Richard J. Vaccaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-870X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-870X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Vaccaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037549266","display_name":"D.W. Tufts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.W. Tufts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, RI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74725077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"3229","last_page":"3233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.1949000060558319,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.16249999403953552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-estimation","display_name":"least squares estimation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-based-optimization","display_name":"gradient-based optimization","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cramer-rao-lower-bound","display_name":"Cramer-Rao lower bound","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband-signals","display_name":"wideband signals","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternating-projections","display_name":"alternating projections","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation-maximization-algorithm","display_name":"expectation-maximization algorithm","score":0.8949999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7411131858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.582804799079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.5185657143592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.5160443782806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.514898419380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.5141037106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4945530593395233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.45936650037765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.43687704205513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4192821979522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4151417315006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41262122988700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.1799706518650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15694963932037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09583845734596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/78.330381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/78.330381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:ele_facpubs-2166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/ele_facpubs/1167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:ele_facpubs-2166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/ele_facpubs/1167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291003596","https://openalex.org/W2059554491","https://openalex.org/W2060189616","https://openalex.org/W2115864922","https://openalex.org/W2140728947","https://openalex.org/W2154191559","https://openalex.org/W3142300713","https://openalex.org/W4233414329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060189616","https://openalex.org/W2106367634","https://openalex.org/W2046153097","https://openalex.org/W1884966367","https://openalex.org/W2189501526","https://openalex.org/W2136657302","https://openalex.org/W2388590070","https://openalex.org/W2130412472","https://openalex.org/W3140797607","https://openalex.org/W3198867052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30],"consider":[1],"the":[2,6,33,37,42,57,68,82,107,111,114,120,165],"problem":[3],"of":[4,9,20,25,39,56,62,67,74,113,135,173],"estimating":[5],"arrival":[7],"times":[8],"overlapping":[10],"ocean-acoustic":[11],"signals":[12],"from":[13,110],"a":[14,26,75,88,133,136,152,170],"noisy":[15],"received":[16],"waveform":[17],"that":[18,32,51,93],"consists":[19],"attenuated":[21],"and":[22,36,47,59,106,139,182],"delayed":[23],"replicas":[24],"known":[27,46],"transient":[28],"signal.":[29],"assume":[31],"transmitted":[34],"signal":[35],"number":[38],"paths":[40],"in":[41,119],"multipath":[43],"environment":[44],"are":[45,176],"develop":[48],"an":[49,125],"algorithm":[50,127,131,148],"gives":[52],"least-squares":[53],"(LS)":[54],"estimates":[55,70],"amplitude":[58],"time":[60],"delay":[61],"each":[63],"path.":[64],"Direct":[65],"computation":[66],"LS":[69,122],"would":[71],"involve":[72],"minimization":[73],"highly":[76],"oscillatory":[77],"error":[78,91,123],"function.":[79],"By":[80],"allowing":[81],"amplitudes":[83],"to":[84,96,163],"be":[85],"complex":[86],"valued,":[87],"much":[89],"smoother":[90],"function":[92,134],"is":[94,101,128,132,149,161],"easier":[95],"minimize":[97],"using":[98,155],"gradient-based":[99],"techniques":[100],"obtained.":[102],"Using":[103],"this":[104,145],"property":[105],"knowledge":[108],"(derived":[109],"data)":[112],"spacing":[115],"between":[116],"adjacent":[117],"minima":[118],"actual":[121],"function,":[124],"efficient":[126],"devised.":[129],"The":[130,147,158],"data-dependent":[137],"parameter,":[138],"we":[140],"give":[141],"rules":[142],"for":[143],"choosing":[144],"parameter.":[146],"demonstrated":[150],"on":[151],"broad-band":[153],"signal,":[154],"simulated":[156],"data.":[157],"proposed":[159],"method":[160],"shown":[162],"achieve":[164],"Cramer-Rao":[166],"lower":[167],"bound":[168],"over":[169],"wide":[171],"range":[172],"SNR's.":[174],"Comparisons":[175],"made":[177],"with":[178],"alternating":[179],"projection":[180],"(AP)":[181],"estimate":[183],"maximize":[184],"(EM)":[185],"algorithms.>":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}