{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102487116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","title":"The limited impact of kinship on cooperation in wild chimpanzees","display_name":"The limited impact of kinship on cooperation in wild chimpanzees","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102487116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","mag":"2102487116","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17456600","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1876525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0611449104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1876525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038308537","display_name":"Kevin E. Langergraber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-4558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-4558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin E. Langergraber","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107; and","Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721712","display_name":"John C. Mitani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-5854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-5854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Mitani","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090931551","display_name":"Linda Vigilant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-1260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-1260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Vigilant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.2076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":461,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99728338,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"19","first_page":"7786","last_page":"7790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinship","display_name":"kinship","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperation","display_name":"cooperation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimpanzees","display_name":"chimpanzees","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-fitness-benefits","display_name":"indirect fitness benefits","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-evolution","display_name":"social evolution","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyadic-cooperation","display_name":"dyadic cooperation","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relatedness","display_name":"relatedness","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144348335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318","display_name":"Kinship","level":2,"score":0.968645453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4430575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005215","display_name":"Inclusive fitness","level":2,"score":0.6186361908912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.4676748216152191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23714114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741598","display_name":"Kin selection","level":2,"score":0.4328955113887787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3930594027042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3493124842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3435742259025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3376028835773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2775615453720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1859264075756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.09043607115745544}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035781","descriptor_name":"Siblings","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0611449104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611449104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:582089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1876525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1876525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1876525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17456600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17456600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:327601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/327601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), v.104, 7786-7790 (2007)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1554802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-FE93-F","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:582089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1876525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483005168","https://openalex.org/W1521221218","https://openalex.org/W1526953989","https://openalex.org/W1532858913","https://openalex.org/W1629724198","https://openalex.org/W1942651051","https://openalex.org/W1967342279","https://openalex.org/W1978670876","https://openalex.org/W1979451303","https://openalex.org/W2000131964","https://openalex.org/W2001431842","https://openalex.org/W2021331014","https://openalex.org/W2031310531","https://openalex.org/W2039338430","https://openalex.org/W2044018861","https://openalex.org/W2061853753","https://openalex.org/W2063792498","https://openalex.org/W2069827453","https://openalex.org/W2077574663","https://openalex.org/W2092845475","https://openalex.org/W2093583727","https://openalex.org/W2093724864","https://openalex.org/W2096917893","https://openalex.org/W2097991015","https://openalex.org/W2099628681","https://openalex.org/W2100337861","https://openalex.org/W2105788569","https://openalex.org/W2115106965","https://openalex.org/W2116016234","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2126864662","https://openalex.org/W2127887933","https://openalex.org/W2130484367","https://openalex.org/W2138323474","https://openalex.org/W2145667777","https://openalex.org/W2151389032","https://openalex.org/W2153198937","https://openalex.org/W2156269115","https://openalex.org/W2161339257","https://openalex.org/W2167062553","https://openalex.org/W2169643145","https://openalex.org/W2424235930","https://openalex.org/W2612575796","https://openalex.org/W2953529047","https://openalex.org/W2994922307","https://openalex.org/W3134584389","https://openalex.org/W4388331389","https://openalex.org/W6675292049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161339257","https://openalex.org/W2069827453","https://openalex.org/W7095342898","https://openalex.org/W628678285","https://openalex.org/W1998399869","https://openalex.org/W3124646498","https://openalex.org/W7015881931","https://openalex.org/W93929200","https://openalex.org/W2127887933","https://openalex.org/W1977852799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"complex":[1,156],"cooperative":[2,35,121],"behavior":[3,36],"exhibited":[4],"by":[5],"wild":[6],"chimpanzees":[7,39,71],"generates":[8],"considerable":[9],"theoretical":[10],"and":[11,57,76,105,114,120,150,154,162],"empirical":[12],"interest,":[13],"yet":[14],"we":[15,27,67],"know":[16],"very":[17],"little":[18],"about":[19],"the":[20,29,34,93,115],"mechanisms":[21],"responsible":[22],"for":[23],"its":[24],"evolution.":[25],"Here,":[26],"investigate":[28],"influence":[30],"of":[31,37,95,117,136],"kinship":[32,96],"on":[33],"male":[38,70],"living":[40],"in":[41,48,82],"an":[42],"unusually":[43],"large":[44],"community":[45],"at":[46],"Ngogo":[47],"Kibale":[49],"National":[50],"Park,":[51],"Uganda.":[52],"Using":[53],"long-term":[54],"field":[55],"observations":[56],"molecular":[58],"genetic":[59],"techniques":[60],"to":[61,74,132,146],"identify":[62],"kin":[63,161],"relations":[64],"between":[65,160],"individuals,":[66],"show":[68],"that":[69,92,138,140,155],"clearly":[72],"prefer":[73],"affiliate":[75,104],"cooperate":[77,142],"with":[78,143],"their":[79],"maternal":[80],"brothers":[81,100],"several":[83],"behavioral":[84],"contexts.":[85],"Despite":[86],"these":[87],"results,":[88],"additional":[89],"analyses":[90],"reveal":[91],"impact":[94],"is":[97],"limited;":[98],"paternal":[99],"do":[101],"not":[102],"selectively":[103],"cooperate,":[106],"probably":[107],"because":[108],"they":[109],"cannot":[110],"be":[111],"reliably":[112],"recognized,":[113],"majority":[116],"highly":[118],"affiliative":[119],"dyads":[122],"are":[123],"actually":[124],"unrelated":[125],"or":[126],"distantly":[127],"related.":[128],"These":[129],"findings":[130],"add":[131],"a":[133],"growing":[134],"body":[135],"research":[137],"indicates":[139],"animals":[141],"each":[144],"other":[145],"obtain":[147],"both":[148],"direct":[149],"indirect":[151],"fitness":[152],"benefits":[153],"cooperation":[157],"can":[158],"occur":[159],"nonkin":[163],"alike.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}