{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102374953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","title":"The Second Generation Problematic: Rethinking Democracy and Civil-Military Relations","display_name":"The Second Generation Problematic: Rethinking Democracy and Civil-Military Relations","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102374953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","mag":"2102374953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0095327x0202900103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21016770","display_name":"Armed Forces & Society","issn_l":"0095-327X","issn":["0095-327X","1556-0848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Armed Forces &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1552937","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085661914","display_name":"Andrew Cottey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-1240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-1240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Cottey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Government, University College Cork, and Depart-ment of Peace Studies, University of Bradford,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Government, University College Cork, and Depart-ment of Peace Studies, University of Bradford,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009","https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027361303","display_name":"Timothy Edmunds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-628X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-628X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124317","display_name":"International Institute for Strategic Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/023j5sb16","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124317"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Edmunds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Studies Department of Kings College London at the Joint Services Command and Staff College and International Institute for Strategic Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Studies Department of Kings College London at the Joint Services Command and Staff College and International Institute for Strategic Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210124317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063451026","display_name":"Anthony C. Forster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-6916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-6916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Forster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Governance Research Centre, University of Bristol"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Governance Research Centre, University of Bristol","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085661914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009","https://openalex.org/I27577105"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98147484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-military-relations","display_name":"civil-military relations","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-communist-transition","display_name":"post-communist transition","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-control-of-the-military","display_name":"civilian control of the military","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-oversight","display_name":"legislative oversight","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-society-participation","display_name":"civil society participation","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-legitimacy","display_name":"democratic legitimacy","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-capacity-building","display_name":"government capacity building","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucratic-modernization","display_name":"bureaucratic modernization","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7315712571144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5124770","display_name":"Civil\u2013military relations","level":3,"score":0.6865357160568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.6812080144882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.6384719014167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.5500725507736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5442413091659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5188913941383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.5102064609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.4651558995246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.46001172065734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.45844128727912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.4569781422615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776855904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571595","display_name":"Security sector reform","level":3,"score":0.44273531436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4426402747631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4274079203605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.42033955454826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.4170646667480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30164843797683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2506064176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.16410383582115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12529346346855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0095327x0202900103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0202900103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21016770","display_name":"Armed Forces & Society","issn_l":"0095-327X","issn":["0095-327X","1556-0848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Armed Forces &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:4150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/4150/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Armed forces and society, 2002, Vol.29(1), pp.31-56 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:318372","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=318372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Art\u00edculos y Cap\u00edtulos"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1552937","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1552937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/ef0f6ea5-6722-4649-bffd-848cebabcb1b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://afs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/29/1/31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cottey, A, Edmunds, TP & Forster, AW 2002, 'The Second Generation Problematic: Rethinking Democracy and Civil-military Relations', Armed Forces and Society, vol. 29 (1), pp. 31 - 56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X0202900103","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1552937","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1552937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096203384","https://openalex.org/W1618725529","https://openalex.org/W4242481371","https://openalex.org/W2001082569","https://openalex.org/W2088161346","https://openalex.org/W7096655611","https://openalex.org/W7027444943","https://openalex.org/W1595664317","https://openalex.org/W2902146344","https://openalex.org/W2588388683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"argues":[2],"that":[3,94],"a":[4,122],"decade":[5],"after":[6],"the":[7,16,38,60,64,71,75,81,85,88,96,103,116],"collapse":[8],"of":[9,18,29,41,53,63,77,87,95,99,102,119,124],"communism":[10],"in":[11,108,121],"central":[12],"and":[13,56,105,115,127],"eastern":[14],"Europe,":[15],"establishment":[17,76],"democratic":[19,39,100,125],"civil-military":[20,65],"relations":[21,66],"has":[22],"moved":[23],"on":[24],"from":[25,90],"first":[26],"generation":[27,34],"issues":[28,52],"institutional":[30],"restructuring":[31],"to":[32,37,49,110],"second":[33],"challenges":[35],"relating":[36],"consolidation":[40],"these":[42,46],"relationships.":[43],"In":[44,68],"practice,":[45],"have":[47],"more":[48],"do":[50],"with":[51,59],"state":[54],"capacity-building":[55],"bureaucratic":[57],"modernization":[58],"traditional":[61],"concerns":[62],"literature.":[67],"most":[69],"cases,":[70],"problem":[72],"is":[73],"not":[74],"civilian":[78],"control":[79],"over":[80],"armed":[82],"forces":[83],"or":[84],"separation":[86],"military":[89],"politics,":[91],"but":[92],"rather":[93],"effective":[97,117],"execution":[98],"governance":[101],"defense":[104,111],"security":[106],"sector-particularly":[107],"relation":[109],"policy-making,":[112],"legislative":[113],"oversight":[114],"engagement":[118],"civil-society":[120],"framework":[123],"legitimacy":[126],"accountability.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
