{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102315949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","title":"Contrast and Construction in a Parameter\u2010Setting Model of L2 Acquisition","display_name":"Contrast and Construction in a Parameter\u2010Setting Model of L2 Acquisition","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102315949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","mag":"2102315949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82334308","display_name":"Language Learning","issn_l":"0023-8333","issn":["0023-8333","1467-9922"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025782059","display_name":"Suzanne Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0610-6725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0610-6725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025782059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.6235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99346954,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.020800000056624413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-grammar","display_name":"universal grammar","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrastive-analysis","display_name":"contrastive analysis","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creative-construction","display_name":"creative construction","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l1-interference","display_name":"first language influence","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-learners-of-english","display_name":"Japanese learners of English","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-learners-of-english","display_name":"Spanish learners of English","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-second-language-learners","display_name":"adult second language learners","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-bootstrapping","display_name":"syntactic bootstrapping","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-transfer","display_name":"language transfer","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.8688297867774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6263967156410217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6098237037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.598711371421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5736035108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5278299450874329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.46986210346221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781449363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156751","display_name":"Anaphora (linguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4634876549243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777511649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188797","display_name":"Construction grammar","level":2,"score":0.4484906792640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4323035180568695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153578388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351625","display_name":"Theoretical linguistics","level":2,"score":0.4313647747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779519507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12388836","display_name":"Fossilization","level":2,"score":0.4125710725784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32907456159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30311906337738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25316256284713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.13881489634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1968.tb01311.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82334308","display_name":"Language Learning","issn_l":"0023-8333","issn":["0023-8333","1467-9922"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65060867","https://openalex.org/W136008933","https://openalex.org/W178345836","https://openalex.org/W367997690","https://openalex.org/W579354923","https://openalex.org/W657100418","https://openalex.org/W1469073440","https://openalex.org/W1484603548","https://openalex.org/W1490382001","https://openalex.org/W1500844018","https://openalex.org/W1505769052","https://openalex.org/W1508913964","https://openalex.org/W1544495963","https://openalex.org/W1553228188","https://openalex.org/W1566927465","https://openalex.org/W1570359485","https://openalex.org/W1596549559","https://openalex.org/W1597885494","https://openalex.org/W1968052763","https://openalex.org/W1975019819","https://openalex.org/W1975756295","https://openalex.org/W1982680659","https://openalex.org/W1999034791","https://openalex.org/W2001694358","https://openalex.org/W2003510153","https://openalex.org/W2004237894","https://openalex.org/W2007969336","https://openalex.org/W2012784657","https://openalex.org/W2016232753","https://openalex.org/W2022166854","https://openalex.org/W2036538579","https://openalex.org/W2037427716","https://openalex.org/W2038594453","https://openalex.org/W2050423830","https://openalex.org/W2058643230","https://openalex.org/W2066504052","https://openalex.org/W2075235480","https://openalex.org/W2082433872","https://openalex.org/W2084489557","https://openalex.org/W2093098499","https://openalex.org/W2093130179","https://openalex.org/W2100920050","https://openalex.org/W2108771353","https://openalex.org/W2130187663","https://openalex.org/W2134109028","https://openalex.org/W2136945129","https://openalex.org/W2140059918","https://openalex.org/W2142163816","https://openalex.org/W2143098644","https://openalex.org/W2146945859","https://openalex.org/W2224080547","https://openalex.org/W2305441956","https://openalex.org/W2325503991","https://openalex.org/W2332617645","https://openalex.org/W2341544689","https://openalex.org/W2411164920","https://openalex.org/W2485076980","https://openalex.org/W2494122393","https://openalex.org/W2522614814","https://openalex.org/W2800866707","https://openalex.org/W2939826877","https://openalex.org/W2997092614","https://openalex.org/W2999853468","https://openalex.org/W3082082567","https://openalex.org/W3109892050","https://openalex.org/W3160722609","https://openalex.org/W3191631010","https://openalex.org/W4205533173","https://openalex.org/W4230323612","https://openalex.org/W4231136134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112484054","https://openalex.org/W2503543399","https://openalex.org/W4244712495","https://openalex.org/W4241999512","https://openalex.org/W2184878971","https://openalex.org/W2308523528","https://openalex.org/W2004033367","https://openalex.org/W2559946276","https://openalex.org/W1536748248","https://openalex.org/W7100023906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,35,198,205,220,373],"an":[2,119],"emerging":[3],"awareness":[4],"in":[5,37,142,145,187,235,265,313,315,346,353],"the":[6,12,32,98,115,146,149,163,166,176,179,203,227,230,282,292,311,331,342,354,367,377,382],"field":[7],"of":[8,25,46,49,59,68,101,121,139,148,155,194,202,212,229,239,244,249,257,269,279,288,308,351,364,379],"L2":[9,26,38,56,69,112,132,150,213,237,333],"acquisition":[10,47,70,113,144,238,352,363],"regarding":[11],"contributions":[13],"made":[14],"by":[15,106,222],"both":[16,277],"Contrastive":[17],"Analysis":[18],"(CA)":[19],"and":[20,40,84,165,254,317,319],"Creative":[21],"Construction":[22],"(CC)":[23],"theories":[24,29,42],"acquisition.":[27],"CA":[28,210],"indicate":[30,43,275,296],"that":[31,44,97,225,276,297,320],"L1":[33,143,164,184,247,255,362],"experience":[34,51,185],"important":[36],"acquisition,":[39,309],"CC":[41],"principles":[45,138,160],"independent":[48],"this":[50,135,218,326,371],"are":[52,303,337],"also":[53,295],"integral":[54],"to":[55,173,310,325,328,340,358],"learning.":[57,214],"Reconciliation":[58],"these":[60,122,159],"two":[61,123,347,355,383],"aspects":[62],"within":[63,125,134],"a":[64,170,191,195,208,223,251,259,271,286],"principled,":[65],"empirically\u2010based":[66],"theory":[67,211],"has":[71],"been":[72],"difficult":[73],"(cf.":[74],"Eckman":[75],"1977,":[76],"1984;":[77,82,91],"Zobl":[78],"1980;":[79],"Andersen":[80],"1983,":[81,90],"Gundel":[83],"Tarone":[85],"1983;":[86,88],"Liceras":[87],"Rutherford":[89],"White":[92],"1985).":[93],"This":[94,200],"paper":[95],"argues":[96],"parameter\u2010setting":[99],"model":[100,136,204,219],"Universal":[102],"Grammar":[103],"(UG)":[104],"(proposed":[105],"Flynn":[107],"1983a,":[108],"b,":[109],"1987)":[110],"for":[111,118,178,217,291,361],"provides":[114],"scaffolding":[116],"necessary":[117],"integration":[120],"components":[124],"one":[126],"explanatory":[127],"account.":[128],"Consistent":[129],"with":[130,158,175,207,330],"CC,":[131],"learners":[133,168,280],"use":[137,281],"UG":[140],"isolated":[141,360],"construction":[147],"grammar;":[151],"however,":[152,366],"when":[153],"values":[154,177,324],"parameters":[156],"associated":[157],"differ":[161],"between":[162,381],"L2,":[167],"assign":[169,322],"new":[171,180,192,323],"value":[172,197],"cohere":[174,329],"target":[181,332],"language.":[182,273],"The":[183],"counts":[186],"determining":[188],"whether":[189],"such":[190],"assignment":[193],"parametric":[196],"necessary.":[199],"aspect":[201],"consistent":[206],"traditional":[209],"Empirical":[215],"support":[216],"provided":[221],"study":[224],"investigates":[226],"role":[228],"head\u2010initial/head\u2010final":[231,283,343],"parameter":[232,284,327,344],"(Stowell":[233],"1981)":[234],"adult":[236],"pronoun":[240],"anaphora.":[241],"Two":[242],"groups":[243,278],"adults":[245],"\u2014":[246,262],"speakers":[248,256,299,336],"Spanish,":[250],"head\u2010initial":[252,272],"language":[253,261],"Japanese,":[258,318],"head\u2010final":[260],"were":[263],"studied":[264],"their":[266],"elicited":[267],"production":[268],"English,":[270],"Results":[274,294],"as":[285],"source":[287],"structural":[289],"organization":[290],"L2.":[293],"Japanese":[298],"(L1":[300],"\u2260":[301],"L2)":[302],"sensitive,":[304],"from":[305],"early":[306],"stages":[307],"mismatch":[312],"head\u2010direction":[314],"English":[316],"they":[321],"value.":[334],"These":[335],"thus":[338],"argued":[339],"have":[341],"set":[345],"different":[348],"ways.":[349],"Parameters":[350],"cases":[356],"correspond":[357],"those":[359],"English;":[365],"point":[368],"at":[369],"which":[370],"similarity":[372],"observed":[374],"depends":[375],"upon":[376],"degree":[378],"correspondence":[380],"languages.":[384]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}