{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102226568","doi":null,"title":"Kynurenic acid in psychiatric disorders : studies on the mechanisms of action","display_name":"Kynurenic acid in psychiatric disorders : studies on the mechanisms of action","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102226568","mag":"2102226568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26918713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Kynurenic_acid_in_psychiatric_disorders_studies_on_the_mechanisms_of_action/26918713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/39433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030958299","display_name":"Klas R. Linderholm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Klas R. Linderholm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030958299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kynurenic-acid","display_name":"kynurenic acid","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kynurenine-pathway","display_name":"kynurenine pathway","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-metabolism","display_name":"tryptophan metabolism","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor-antagonism","display_name":"NMDA receptor antagonism","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha7-nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor","display_name":"alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midbrain-dopaminergic-neurons","display_name":"midbrain dopaminergic neurons","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventral-tegmental-area","display_name":"ventral tegmental area","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prepulse-inhibition","display_name":"prepulse inhibition","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensorimotor-gating","display_name":"sensorimotor gating","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indomethacin","display_name":"indomethacin","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parecoxib","display_name":"parecoxib","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclooxygenase-inhibition","display_name":"cyclooxygenase inhibition","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776841986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642217","display_name":"Kynurenic acid","level":4,"score":0.9126940965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.575785756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5233002305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4694625437259674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44815102219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3906581401824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1718759834766388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09503832459449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.07300546765327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.04881039261817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26918713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Kynurenic_acid_in_psychiatric_disorders_studies_on_the_mechanisms_of_action/26918713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openarchive.ki.se:10616/39433","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/39433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400147","display_name":"Open Archive (Karolinska Institutet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","host_organization_name":"Karolinska Institutet","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2102226568","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openarchive.ki.se/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10616/39433/thesis.pdf?sequence=1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openarchive.ki.se:10616/39433","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/39433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400147","display_name":"Open Archive (Karolinska Institutet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","host_organization_name":"Karolinska Institutet","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":308,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5013723","https://openalex.org/W21879210","https://openalex.org/W38393735","https://openalex.org/W54187053","https://openalex.org/W62944390","https://openalex.org/W169490091","https://openalex.org/W175006040","https://openalex.org/W192631905","https://openalex.org/W211351899","https://openalex.org/W221359381","https://openalex.org/W1238819995","https://openalex.org/W1491975375","https://openalex.org/W1497084816","https://openalex.org/W1501514655","https://openalex.org/W1507804974","https://openalex.org/W1518115821","https://openalex.org/W1537179351","https://openalex.org/W1543772250","https://openalex.org/W1543787828","https://openalex.org/W1547937746","https://openalex.org/W1561239748","https://openalex.org/W1569664741","https://openalex.org/W1570648334","https://openalex.org/W1571431689","https://openalex.org/W1574388573","https://openalex.org/W1579518684","https://openalex.org/W1633847368","https://openalex.org/W1642699591","https://openalex.org/W1656933259","https://openalex.org/W1734229470","https://openalex.org/W1772604871","https://openalex.org/W1833773432","https://openalex.org/W1839257070","https://openalex.org/W1840984304","https://openalex.org/W1856679114","https://openalex.org/W1868733321","https://openalex.org/W1870728755","https://openalex.org/W1900752207","https://openalex.org/W1915592023","https://openalex.org/W1938004598","https://openalex.org/W1939041013","https://openalex.org/W1945178159","https://openalex.org/W1949404224","https://openalex.org/W1956388268","https://openalex.org/W1957187487","https://openalex.org/W1962326193","https://openalex.org/W1963543965","https://openalex.org/W1964179714","https://openalex.org/W1964475415","https://openalex.org/W1965530749","https://openalex.org/W1966261503","https://openalex.org/W1966631647","https://openalex.org/W1967805565","https://openalex.org/W1968961682","https://openalex.org/W1969388943","https://openalex.org/W1969454074","https://openalex.org/W1969729492","https://openalex.org/W1969924393","https://openalex.org/W1970448316","https://openalex.org/W1970862669","https://openalex.org/W1970988111","https://openalex.org/W1972444310","https://openalex.org/W1973172818","https://openalex.org/W1974401900","https://openalex.org/W1976234153","https://openalex.org/W1976289522","https://openalex.org/W1976380421","https://openalex.org/W1976531501","https://openalex.org/W1977214369","https://openalex.org/W1978346382","https://openalex.org/W1979700184","https://openalex.org/W1980749409","https://openalex.org/W1981860820","https://openalex.org/W1982539986","https://openalex.org/W1982707902","https://openalex.org/W1982792716","https://openalex.org/W1983138582","https://openalex.org/W1983542896","https://openalex.org/W1983659744","https://openalex.org/W1984229889","https://openalex.org/W1985118788","https://openalex.org/W1985420205","https://openalex.org/W1985643932","https://openalex.org/W1986325356","https://openalex.org/W1989176150","https://openalex.org/W1989405621","https://openalex.org/W1990712459","https://openalex.org/W1990808937","https://openalex.org/W1990888488","https://openalex.org/W1991526830","https://openalex.org/W1992603366","https://openalex.org/W1994540258","https://openalex.org/W1995923837","https://openalex.org/W1996327177","https://openalex.org/W1997727963","https://openalex.org/W1997830200","https://openalex.org/W1998141074","https://openalex.org/W1999604330","https://openalex.org/W2000750608","https://openalex.org/W2002423129","https://openalex.org/W2002580426","https://openalex.org/W2003013815","https://openalex.org/W2003133798","https://openalex.org/W2003444707","https://openalex.org/W2004010351","https://openalex.org/W2005673668","https://openalex.org/W2005776786","https://openalex.org/W2006954834","https://openalex.org/W2009195573","https://openalex.org/W2009297045","https://openalex.org/W2009809272","https://openalex.org/W2009895267","https://openalex.org/W2011225701","https://openalex.org/W2011459746","https://openalex.org/W2011599115","https://openalex.org/W2012387305","https://openalex.org/W2012641732","https://openalex.org/W2012740861","https://openalex.org/W2013712110","https://openalex.org/W2014413253","https://openalex.org/W2014528453","https://openalex.org/W2015161406","https://openalex.org/W2015349965","https://openalex.org/W2015735605","https://openalex.org/W2016551158","https://openalex.org/W2017316958","https://openalex.org/W2017408267","https://openalex.org/W2017661386","https://openalex.org/W2018529141","https://openalex.org/W2018774087","https://openalex.org/W2021367537","https://openalex.org/W2022086624","https://openalex.org/W2022765281","https://openalex.org/W2023190048","https://openalex.org/W2023811880","https://openalex.org/W2024210288","https://openalex.org/W2024511383","https://openalex.org/W2026332699","https://openalex.org/W2027046259","https://openalex.org/W2027805023","https://openalex.org/W2028370746","https://openalex.org/W2028864767","https://openalex.org/W2028884770","https://openalex.org/W2029474372","https://openalex.org/W2029753749","https://openalex.org/W2029866235","https://openalex.org/W2029879219","https://openalex.org/W2029915913","https://openalex.org/W2030331367","https://openalex.org/W2032173437","https://openalex.org/W2032919221","https://openalex.org/W2033894560","https://openalex.org/W2034008819","https://openalex.org/W2035384211","https://openalex.org/W2035788257","https://openalex.org/W2036649970","https://openalex.org/W2036841195","https://openalex.org/W2037395811","https://openalex.org/W2037491528","https://openalex.org/W2037559501","https://openalex.org/W2038600282","https://openalex.org/W2038754388","https://openalex.org/W2040737559","https://openalex.org/W2042878308","https://openalex.org/W2045424177","https://openalex.org/W2045629032","https://openalex.org/W2045824769","https://openalex.org/W2048752288","https://openalex.org/W2048758222","https://openalex.org/W2048876068","https://openalex.org/W2049074524","https://openalex.org/W2049808835","https://openalex.org/W2050767905","https://openalex.org/W2050792638","https://openalex.org/W2051047041","https://openalex.org/W2051433535","https://openalex.org/W2051950936","https://openalex.org/W2052396686","https://openalex.org/W2052445727","https://openalex.org/W2053218514","https://openalex.org/W2054484015","https://openalex.org/W2056436878","https://openalex.org/W2056498477","https://openalex.org/W2056547365","https://openalex.org/W2057917580","https://openalex.org/W2058834701","https://openalex.org/W2058870251","https://openalex.org/W2059053486","https://openalex.org/W2059702479","https://openalex.org/W2062014538","https://openalex.org/W2063164578","https://openalex.org/W2065133629","https://openalex.org/W2065733295","https://openalex.org/W2066091680","https://openalex.org/W2067261800","https://openalex.org/W2067270513","https://openalex.org/W2067354763","https://openalex.org/W2067494870","https://openalex.org/W2068026066","https://openalex.org/W2068776254","https://openalex.org/W2068893942","https://openalex.org/W2069000486","https://openalex.org/W2070182120","https://openalex.org/W2072058525","https://openalex.org/W2072069319","https://openalex.org/W2072102207","https://openalex.org/W2072855809","https://openalex.org/W2073208922","https://openalex.org/W2075010970","https://openalex.org/W2075720494","https://openalex.org/W2075831689","https://openalex.org/W2076450575","https://openalex.org/W2076704115","https://openalex.org/W2076818959","https://openalex.org/W2077108130","https://openalex.org/W2078660110","https://openalex.org/W2079199493","https://openalex.org/W2079464342","https://openalex.org/W2079515425","https://openalex.org/W2079524104","https://openalex.org/W2080319756","https://openalex.org/W2080799304","https://openalex.org/W2083373623","https://openalex.org/W2083981883","https://openalex.org/W2084536694","https://openalex.org/W2085301448","https://openalex.org/W2085360366","https://openalex.org/W2085518524","https://openalex.org/W2086630929","https://openalex.org/W2088409879","https://openalex.org/W2088637487","https://openalex.org/W2088879645","https://openalex.org/W2090352316","https://openalex.org/W2091042815","https://openalex.org/W2091578245","https://openalex.org/W2092262854","https://openalex.org/W2092820864","https://openalex.org/W2092895227","https://openalex.org/W2093157252","https://openalex.org/W2093438640","https://openalex.org/W2095390653","https://openalex.org/W2095878413","https://openalex.org/W2097293665","https://openalex.org/W2097648013","https://openalex.org/W2099555137","https://openalex.org/W2099576957","https://openalex.org/W2099635835","https://openalex.org/W2100072170","https://openalex.org/W2100475473","https://openalex.org/W2104838343","https://openalex.org/W2106459619","https://openalex.org/W2106676000","https://openalex.org/W2109059823","https://openalex.org/W2109708478","https://openalex.org/W2110143119","https://openalex.org/W2113449040","https://openalex.org/W2113895006","https://openalex.org/W2115430420","https://openalex.org/W2118249291","https://openalex.org/W2118643787","https://openalex.org/W2118805547","https://openalex.org/W2120276500","https://openalex.org/W2122246785","https://openalex.org/W2122321808","https://openalex.org/W2124732500","https://openalex.org/W2126795224","https://openalex.org/W2126847397","https://openalex.org/W2130718539","https://openalex.org/W2131932927","https://openalex.org/W2133757259","https://openalex.org/W2134716410","https://openalex.org/W2138368199","https://openalex.org/W2140154855","https://openalex.org/W2140156016","https://openalex.org/W2141998004","https://openalex.org/W2142972284","https://openalex.org/W2147359625","https://openalex.org/W2148228045","https://openalex.org/W2150174494","https://openalex.org/W2150760506","https://openalex.org/W2151331628","https://openalex.org/W2158137297","https://openalex.org/W2158303900","https://openalex.org/W2159996636","https://openalex.org/W2169909859","https://openalex.org/W2171149822","https://openalex.org/W2171580542","https://openalex.org/W2179259141","https://openalex.org/W2206687388","https://openalex.org/W2224161568","https://openalex.org/W2240085460","https://openalex.org/W2265347827","https://openalex.org/W2284354486","https://openalex.org/W2316156263","https://openalex.org/W2326912350","https://openalex.org/W2407135957","https://openalex.org/W2415246766","https://openalex.org/W2416886926","https://openalex.org/W2418362735","https://openalex.org/W2418551598","https://openalex.org/W2419352465","https://openalex.org/W2471581666","https://openalex.org/W2762328054","https://openalex.org/W3146846302","https://openalex.org/W4243043784","https://openalex.org/W4406433987","https://openalex.org/W4413979613","https://openalex.org/W7044562599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128259748","https://openalex.org/W1870348689","https://openalex.org/W1969924050","https://openalex.org/W1590403215","https://openalex.org/W72641765","https://openalex.org/W5013723","https://openalex.org/W1944199721","https://openalex.org/W2014413253","https://openalex.org/W2025205883","https://openalex.org/W2126847397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kynurenic":[0],"acid,":[1,112,463,523],"a":[2,46,51,213,356,393,438,470,481,585],"metabolite":[3],"of":[4,29,39,71,77,85,87,120,128,141,153,162,168,173,183,189,204,245,249,255,263,276,300,322,330,335,340,363,395,408,440,461,472,475,508,554,574,607,618,641,647,682,690,722],"tryptophan":[5],"along":[6],"the":[7,63,67,83,103,106,118,180,246,250,256,264,297,319,338,360,364,453,459,486,497,506,513,517,531,539,608,614,638,642,651,688,720],"kynurenine":[8,371,434,683],"pathway,":[9],"is":[10,60,193,268,351,469,494],"an":[11,36,303,441,534],"endogenous":[12,30,328,476,582],"antagonist":[13],"at":[14],"NMDA-":[15],"and":[16,65,99,110,113,234,294,316,346,370,388,423,455,502,538,544,684,733],"\u03b17*":[17],"nicotinic":[18],"acetylcholine-":[19],"(\u03b17*nACh)":[20],"receptors.":[21],"Previous":[22],"studies":[23,446,646],"have":[24,447],"shown":[25,448],"that":[26,179,242,327,349,449,466,521],"elevated":[27,61,139,376],"levels":[28,140,232,293,329,407,681],"kynurenic":[31,58,88,111,121,142,191,230,291,313,332,368,401,409,462,467,477,503,522,583,685],"acid":[32,59,89,122,143,192,231,292,314,333,369,402,410,468,478,504,686],"are":[33,334],"associated":[34,211],"with":[35,73,90,138,148,212,284,309,359,379,392,412,418,427,524,637,692,730],"increased":[37,181,228,274],"firing":[38,98,161,172,182,275],"midbrain":[40,96],"dopamine":[41,97,133,164,185,278,344,579,648],"neurons":[42,134,186,279,345,580,649],"as":[43,45,355,445],"well":[44],"reduced":[47],"prepulse":[48,611],"inhibition":[49,612],"(PPI),":[50],"behavioral":[52],"model":[53],"for":[54,337],"sensorimotor":[55],"gating.":[56],"Furthermore,":[57,405],"in":[62,66,123,136,216,280,377,415,421,429,458,505,512,541,550,610,613,650,687,719,728],"CSF":[64,367,400,406,413,419,507,689,721],"postmortem":[68],"prefrontal":[69],"cortex":[70],"patients":[72,378,691],"schizophrenia.":[74],"The":[75,126],"aim":[76],"this":[78],"thesis":[79],"was":[80,156,210,286,372],"to":[81,92,101,115,159,224,236,270,288,295,353,374,382,425,548,735],"investigate":[82],"mechanisms":[84],"action":[86,94,299],"regard":[91],"its":[93,525],"on":[95,342],"PPI;":[100],"analyze":[102],"interaction":[104],"between":[105,500,533],"antipsychotic":[107],"drug":[108],"clozapine":[109,301,341,350],"finally;":[114],"further":[116],"study":[117],"involvement":[119],"psychiatric":[124,490,551],"disorders.":[125,552],"excitation":[127],"ventral":[129,576,653],"tegmental":[130,577,654],"area":[131,578],"(VTA)":[132],"observed":[135,511],"rats":[137],"were":[144],"mimicked":[145],"by":[146,200,484,496,581],"pretreatment":[147,308],"4-chlorokynurenine":[149],"(4-":[150],"Cl-KYN).":[151],"Administration":[152,203],"SDZ":[154,205],"220-581":[155],"also":[157],"found":[158,287,373],"increase":[160],"VTA":[163,184,277,343],"neurons.":[165,175],"However,":[166],"administration":[167],"methyllycaconitine":[169],"(MLA)":[170],"decreased":[171,311],"these":[174],"These":[176,239,324],"results":[177,240,325,519],"demonstrate":[178],"following":[187],"elevation":[188],"brain":[190,229,290,312,331],"primarily":[194],"mediated":[195],"through":[196],"glutamatergic":[197],"rather":[198],"than":[199,403],"cholinergic":[201,543],"mechanisms.":[202],"220\u2013581":[206],"or":[207,221],"CGS":[208],"19755":[209],"robust":[214],"reduction":[215],"PPI,":[217],"whereas":[218],"L-701,324,":[219],"4-Cl-KYN":[220],"MLA":[222],"failed":[223],"alter":[225],"PPI.":[226,238,260,272],"Kynurenine":[227],"5-fold":[233],"tended":[235,424],"decrease":[237],"suggest":[241,520],"neither":[243],"antagonism":[244,254],"glycine":[247,361,639],"site":[248,267,362,640],"NMDA":[251,365,643],"receptor":[252,258,527],"nor":[253],"\u03b17*nACh":[257],"disrupts":[259],"Rather,":[261],"blockade":[262],"glutamate":[265],"recognition":[266],"necessary":[269],"reduce":[271],"Clozapine":[273],"control":[281],"rats.":[282],"Pretreatment":[283],"indomethacin":[285],"elevate":[289],"reverse":[296],"excitatory":[298,320],"into":[302],"inhibitory":[304],"response.":[305],"In":[306],"contrast,":[307],"parecoxib":[310],"formation":[315],"clearly":[317],"potentiated":[318],"effect":[321],"clozapine.":[323],"show":[326],"importance":[336],"response":[339],"we":[347],"propose":[348],"able":[352],"interact":[354],"partial":[357],"agonist":[358],"receptor.":[366],"be":[375,437,480,530],"schizophrenia":[380],"compared":[381],"controls.":[383,404],"Violent":[384],"male":[385,389],"suicide":[386,390,509],"attempters":[387,391,510],"diagnosis":[394],"major":[396],"depression":[397],"had":[398],"higher":[399],"correlated":[411],"MIP-1\u03b2":[414],"all":[416,430],"subjects,":[417],"eotaxin-3":[420],"controls":[422],"correlate":[426],"IL-6":[428],"subjects.":[431],"An":[432],"up-regulated":[433],"pathway":[435],"may":[436,479,529],"consequence":[439],"activated":[442,535],"immune":[443,487,536],"system":[444,488,537],"immunological":[450],"agents":[451],"induce":[452],"first":[454],"rate-limiting":[456],"enzymes":[457],"production":[460],"thus":[464],"indicating":[465],"marker":[471],"immune-activation.":[473],"Elevation":[474],"potential":[482],"mechanism":[483],"which":[485],"initiate":[489],"symptoms.":[491],"This":[492],"theory":[493],"supported":[495],"close":[498],"correlation":[499],"cytokines/chemokines":[501],"present":[514,518],"thesis.":[515],"Altogether":[516],"unique":[526],"profile,":[528],"link":[532],"alterations":[540],"glutamatergic,":[542],"dopaminergic":[545],"neurotransmission":[546],"proposed":[547],"occur":[549],"List":[553],"scientific":[555],"papers":[556],"I.":[557],"LINDERHOLM":[558,593,626,663,696],"KR,":[559,594,627,664,697],"Andersson":[560],"A,":[561],"Olsson":[562,564,597,667,702],"S,":[563,596,631,668,701,713],"E,":[565,598,666],"Snodgrass":[566,601],"R,":[567,602],"Engberg":[568,632],"G,":[569],"Erhardt":[570,603,630,677,712],"S":[571],"(2006).":[572],"\"Activation":[573],"rat":[575,652],"acid:":[584],"pharmacological":[586],"analysis\"":[587],"Neuropharmacology":[588],"53:":[589],"918-924":[590],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17959203":[591],"II.":[592],"Powell":[595],"Holtze":[599,671],"M,":[600,672,674,709],"S.":[604,678],"(2010).":[605],"\"Role":[606],"NMDA-receptor":[609],"rat.\"":[615],"International":[616],"Journal":[617],"Tryptophan":[619],"Research":[620],"3:":[621],"1-12":[622],"III.":[623],"Schwieler":[624],"L,":[625,711],"Nilsson-Todd":[628],"LK,":[629],"G.":[633],"(2008).":[634],"\"Clozapine":[635],"interacts":[636],"receptor:":[644],"Electrophysiological":[645],"area.":[655],"\"":[656],"Life":[657],"Sciences":[658],"83:":[659],"170-175":[660],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18590745":[661],"IV.":[662],"Skogh":[665],"Dahl":[669],"M-L,":[670],"Samuelsson":[673,708],"Lundberg":[675],"KM,":[676],"(1970).":[679,716],"\"Increased":[680],"schizophrenia.\"":[693],"(Submitted)":[694],"V.":[695],"Lindqvist":[698],"D,":[699],"Janelidze":[700],"SK,":[703],"J\u00f6nsson":[704],"EG,":[705],"Hagell":[706],"P,":[707],"Tr\u00e4skman-Bendz":[710],"Brundin":[714],"L.":[715],"\"Kynurenic":[717],"Acid":[718],"Male":[723],"Suicide":[724],"Attempters":[725],"Increased":[726],"Levels":[727],"Patients":[729],"Major":[731],"Depression":[732],"Correlation":[734],"Inflammatory":[736],"Parameters.\"":[737],"(Manuscript)":[738]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}