{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102203131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","title":"Pakistani Bureaucracy: Crisis of Governance and Prospects of Reform","display_name":"Pakistani Bureaucracy: Crisis of Governance and Prospects of Reform","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102203131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","mag":"2102203131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765041547","display_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","issn_l":"0030-9729","issn":["0030-9729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324096558","host_organization_name":"Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324096558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086559070","display_name":"Saeed Shafqat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Shafqat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086559070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36851357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"995","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.2531999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.05299999937415123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucracy","display_name":"bureaucracy","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-reform","display_name":"public administration reform","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-crisis","display_name":"governance crisis","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-bureaucracy","display_name":"federal bureaucracy","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.9827470779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.693244457244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5045696496963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.48561397194862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.398193895816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.383879691362381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23686477541923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17536520957946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09882140159606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.08590427041053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07373329997062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.05111035704612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765041547","display_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","issn_l":"0030-9729","issn":["0030-9729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324096558","host_organization_name":"Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324096558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pid:journl:v:38:y:1999:i:4:p:995-1017","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1999/Volume4/995-1017.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1999/Volume4/995-1017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.995-1017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765041547","display_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","issn_l":"0030-9729","issn":["0030-9729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324096558","host_organization_name":"Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324096558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Pakistan Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W398504914","https://openalex.org/W580054437","https://openalex.org/W629221630","https://openalex.org/W1566447476","https://openalex.org/W1605744976","https://openalex.org/W1974236745","https://openalex.org/W1983295442","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2140400411","https://openalex.org/W2168901407","https://openalex.org/W2334392906","https://openalex.org/W2340576978","https://openalex.org/W2340635657","https://openalex.org/W2539461530","https://openalex.org/W2802710883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7143470277","https://openalex.org/W3144472777","https://openalex.org/W3184431521","https://openalex.org/W3202734255","https://openalex.org/W3185309160","https://openalex.org/W7135342418","https://openalex.org/W7015191077","https://openalex.org/W4399799585","https://openalex.org/W1606024287","https://openalex.org/W173126322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2],"divided":[3],"into":[4],"three":[5],"parts.":[6],"The":[7,36,53],"first":[8],"part":[9,38,55],"provides":[10,56],"an":[11],"overview":[12],"of":[13,21],"literature":[14],"on":[15],"how":[16],"the":[17,24,40],"role":[18],"and":[19,29,44],"assessment":[20],"bureaucracy":[22],"in":[23,27,31,50,61],"Third":[25],"World":[26],"general":[28],"Pakistan":[30],"particular":[32],"has":[33],"undergone":[34],"change.":[35],"second":[37],"examines":[39],"changing":[41],"socioeconomic":[42],"profile":[43],"corresponding":[45],"attitudinal":[46],"changes":[47],"if":[48],"any,":[49],"Pakistan\u2019s":[51,62],"bureaucracy.":[52,64],"third":[54],"guidelines":[57],"for":[58],"possible":[59],"reform":[60],"federal":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}