{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102175233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","title":"Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - \u2018Spartathlon\u2019 versus \u2018Badwater\u2019","display_name":"Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - \u2018Spartathlon\u2019 versus \u2018Badwater\u2019","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102175233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","mag":"2102175233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23848985","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3710197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","pdf_url":"https://extremephysiolmed.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764634027","display_name":"Extreme Physiology & Medicine","issn_l":"2046-7648","issn":["2046-7648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extreme Physiology &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://extremephysiolmed.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058127104","display_name":"Kristina da Fonseca-Engelhardt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina da Fonseca-Engelhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesundheitszentrum St, Gallen, St, Gallen, 9000, Switzerland. beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch","Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesundheitszentrum St, Gallen, St, Gallen, 9000, Switzerland. beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015669294","display_name":"Beat Knechtle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beat Knechtle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facharzt FMH f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland","Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facharzt FMH f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031377528","display_name":"Christoph Alexander R\u00fcst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-9664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-9664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Alexander R\u00fcst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111891688","display_name":"Patrizia Knechtle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Knechtle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006572268","display_name":"Romuald Lepers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-4017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-4017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177064439","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1bsr36","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147393","display_name":"Cognition, Action, and Sensorimotor Plasticity","ror":"https://ror.org/03xe54902","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210147393","https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romuald Lepers","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, 21078Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, 21078Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I4210147393"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089136249","display_name":"Thomas Johannes Rosemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Rosemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015669294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96385764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11922","display_name":"Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-endurance-running","display_name":"ultra-endurance running","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultramarathon","display_name":"ultramarathon","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/running-speed","display_name":"running speed","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-participation","display_name":"women's participation","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-peak-performance","display_name":"age of peak performance","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-conditions","display_name":"extreme conditions","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition","display_name":"nutrition","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-deprivation","display_name":"sleep deprivation","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-load","display_name":"training load","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6638807058334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human physiology","level":2,"score":0.6631094813346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6014829277992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.534588098526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.5009844303131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.36516767740249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2378775179386139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2139832079410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","pdf_url":"https://extremephysiolmed.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764634027","display_name":"Extreme Physiology & Medicine","issn_l":"2046-7648","issn":["2046-7648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extreme Physiology &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2706694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3710197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3710197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3710197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extrem Physiol Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23848985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23848985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extreme physiology & medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:79302","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/79302/1/Da_Fonseca_Knechtle_Participation_and_performance_trends_in_ultra-endurance_running_races_under_extreme_conditions.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/79302/1/Da_Fonseca_Knechtle_Participation_and_performance_trends_in_ultra-endurance_running_races_under_extreme_conditions.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"da Fonseca-Engelhardt, Kristina; Knechtle, Beat; R\u00fcst, Christoph; Knechtle, Patrizia; Lepers, Romuald; Rosemann, Thomas (2013). Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - \u2018Spartathlon\u2019 versus \u2018Badwater\u2019. Extreme Physiology & Medicine, 2:15.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.363.2213","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.363.2213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.extremephysiolmed.com/content/pdf/2046-7648-2-15.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.383.1955","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.383.1955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/82/08/34/PDF/2046-7648-2-15.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inserm-00820834v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00820834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Extreme Physiology & Medicine, 2013, 2 (1), pp.15","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/101723","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/101723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"da Fonseca-Engelhardt, K. (2013). Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions\u202f: Spartathlon versus Badwater. (Dissertation, University of Zurich)","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/92768","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/92768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"da Fonseca-Engelhardt, K., Knechtle, B., R\u00fcst, C. A., Knechtle, P., Lepers, R., & Rosemann, T. (2013). Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - \u2018Spartathlon\u2019 versus \u2018Badwater.\u2019 Extreme Physiology & Medicine, 2, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:91893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/91893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"da Fonseca-Engelhardt, Kristina. Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions : Spartathlon versus Badwater. 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine.","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-79302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-79302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-79302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","pdf_url":"https://extremephysiolmed.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2046-7648-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764634027","display_name":"Extreme Physiology & Medicine","issn_l":"2046-7648","issn":["2046-7648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extreme Physiology &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102175233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102175233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504282818","https://openalex.org/W1538019210","https://openalex.org/W1546805726","https://openalex.org/W1578808160","https://openalex.org/W1963580758","https://openalex.org/W1968997973","https://openalex.org/W1970998445","https://openalex.org/W1978422453","https://openalex.org/W1979327652","https://openalex.org/W1982566783","https://openalex.org/W1983019163","https://openalex.org/W1983321143","https://openalex.org/W1983610030","https://openalex.org/W1983719037","https://openalex.org/W1983987201","https://openalex.org/W1996011738","https://openalex.org/W1997260326","https://openalex.org/W1998047132","https://openalex.org/W2001134439","https://openalex.org/W2012180027","https://openalex.org/W2017960969","https://openalex.org/W2023857961","https://openalex.org/W2030130491","https://openalex.org/W2030195131","https://openalex.org/W2032215937","https://openalex.org/W2043111341","https://openalex.org/W2044549879","https://openalex.org/W2046373348","https://openalex.org/W2047271986","https://openalex.org/W2055515551","https://openalex.org/W2055884700","https://openalex.org/W2063356449","https://openalex.org/W2069229035","https://openalex.org/W2082139070","https://openalex.org/W2085160260","https://openalex.org/W2085716293","https://openalex.org/W2089595203","https://openalex.org/W2091802722","https://openalex.org/W2100643880","https://openalex.org/W2101170928","https://openalex.org/W2102971154","https://openalex.org/W2103906355","https://openalex.org/W2108367249","https://openalex.org/W2115064442","https://openalex.org/W2121443655","https://openalex.org/W2121632934","https://openalex.org/W2130660661","https://openalex.org/W2135345035","https://openalex.org/W2149491456","https://openalex.org/W2151401570","https://openalex.org/W2166745275","https://openalex.org/W2167098992","https://openalex.org/W2168712761","https://openalex.org/W2209106322","https://openalex.org/W2286551181","https://openalex.org/W4296959105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990958733","https://openalex.org/W2165397350","https://openalex.org/W3159687488","https://openalex.org/W4214924766","https://openalex.org/W7095142089","https://openalex.org/W4280502423","https://openalex.org/W2141065795","https://openalex.org/W7097702695","https://openalex.org/W1993937814","https://openalex.org/W7096472979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,76,155,257,290,331],"aim":[2],"of":[3,17,25,32,37,44,60,78,135,157,160,187,394],"the":[4,10,26,30,72,133,183,185,188,210,226,255,307,358,369],"present":[5],"study":[6],"was":[7,105,137,163,228,310,372],"to":[8,57,116,126,146,200,265,280,364],"compare":[9],"trends":[11],"in":[12,19,29,49,66,84,96,102,109,112,122,139,170,177,194,219,273,288,293,381,396],"participation,":[13],"performance":[14,62,395],"and":[15,21,42,46,51,63,80,86,98,121,172,237,250,275,321,351,367,384],"age":[16,43,134,156,186,211,227],"finishers":[18,48,136,159,360],"'Badwater'":[20],"'Spartathlon'":[22],"as":[23],"two":[24],"toughest":[27],"ultramarathons":[28,397],"world":[31],"more":[33],"than":[34,399],"200":[35,400],"km":[36,401],"distance.":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"Running":[40],"speed":[41,68,259,295,309],"male":[45,81],"female":[47,79,110,158,354],"Badwater":[50,85,97,113,140,171,195,220,350,383],"Spartathlon":[52,123,147,178,385],"were":[53,69,361],"analyzed":[54],"from":[55,114,124,196,261,276],"2000":[56],"2012.":[58],"Age":[59],"peak":[61],"sex":[64,291,332,370],"difference":[65,292,333,371],"running":[67,258,294,308],"investigated":[70],"during":[71],"studied":[73],"period.":[74],"RESULTS:":[75],"number":[77],"finishes":[82],"increased":[83,260],"Spartathlon.":[87,103],"Women":[88,376],"accounted":[89],"on":[90],"average":[91],"for":[92,235,242,319,326,348],"21.5%":[93],"\u00b1":[94,100,142,149,167,174,198,202,216,232,239,263,267,278,282,300,316,323,338],"6.9%":[95],"10.8%":[99],"2.3%":[101],"There":[104],"a":[106,391],"significant":[107],"increase":[108],"participation":[111,355],"18.4%":[115],"19.1%":[117],"(p":[118,128,152,179,205,221,244,270,285,302,328,340],"<":[119,153,206,271,286],"0.01)":[120,272,287],"11.9%":[125],"12.5%":[127],"=":[129],"0.02).":[130],"In":[131,224,247,305],"men,":[132],"higher":[138],"(46.5":[141],"9.3":[143],"years)":[144,151],"compared":[145],"(44.8":[148],"8.2":[150],"0.01).":[154],"both":[161,349,382],"races":[162],"similar":[164],"with":[165],"43.0":[166],"7.5":[168],"years":[169,176,204,218,234,241],"44.5":[173],"7.8":[175],">":[180,222,245,303,329,341],"0.05).":[181,207,223,246,304,330,342],"Over":[182],"years,":[184,366],"annual":[189],"five":[190],"fastest":[191,359],"men":[192,236,251,274,320,380],"decreased":[193],"42.4":[197],"4.2":[199],"39.8":[201],"5.7":[203],"For":[208],"women,":[209],"remained":[212,296,334],"unchanged":[213,229,297,335],"at":[214,230,298,314,336,373],"42.3":[215],"3.8":[217],"Spartathlon,":[225,306,352],"39.7":[231],"2.4":[233],"44.6":[238],"3.2":[240],"women":[243,249,327],"Badwater,":[248],"became":[252],"faster":[253],"over":[254,312],"years.":[256],"7.9":[262],"0.7":[264,317],"8.7":[266,322],"0.6":[268],"km/h":[269,284,318,325],"5.4":[277],"1.1":[279],"6.6":[281],"0.5":[283,324],"women.":[289],"19.8%":[299],"4.8%":[301],"stable":[311],"time":[313],"10.8":[315],"19.6%":[337],"2.5%":[339],"CONCLUSIONS:":[343],"These":[344],"results":[345],"suggest":[346],"that":[347],"(a)":[353],"increased,":[356],"(b)":[357],"approximately":[362,374],"40":[363],"45":[365],"(c)":[368],"20%.":[375],"will":[377],"not":[378],"outrun":[379],"races.":[386],"Master":[387],"ultramarathoners":[388],"can":[389],"achieve":[390],"high":[392],"level":[393],"greater":[398],"under":[402],"extreme":[403],"conditions.":[404]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}