{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102145174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","title":"Effects of Caffeine on Behavior of Schizophrenic Inpatients","display_name":"Effects of Caffeine on Behavior of Schizophrenic Inpatients","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102145174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","mag":"2102145174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2749192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-pdf/15/2/339/5392141/15-2-339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117485531","display_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","issn_l":"0586-7614","issn":["0586-7614","1745-1701","1745-1707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-pdf/15/2/339/5392141/15-2-339.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075562168","display_name":"A B Koczapski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800559042","display_name":"Riverview Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cwpz219","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Koczapski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Psychology, Riverview Hospital, Coquitlam, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychology, Riverview Hospital, Coquitlam, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109813160","display_name":"J. Paredes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13328022","display_name":"Royal Columbian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ymyxj51","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308729876","https://openalex.org/I13328022","https://openalex.org/I178133122"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Paredes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Private Practice, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Columbian Hospital New Westminister, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Private Practice, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Columbian Hospital New Westminister, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13328022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015926187","display_name":"C. Kogan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13328022","display_name":"Royal Columbian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ymyxj51","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308729876","https://openalex.org/I13328022","https://openalex.org/I178133122"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Royal Columbian Hospital New Westminister, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Royal Columbian Hospital New Westminister, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13328022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832444","display_name":"Barry Ledwidge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800559042","display_name":"Riverview Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cwpz219","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Ledwidge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acute Assessment and Treatment Program, Riverview Hospital Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada and Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acute Assessment and Treatment Program, Riverview Hospital Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada and Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758","https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010536943","display_name":"John A. Higenbottam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800559042","display_name":"Riverview Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cwpz219","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Higenbottam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Riverview Hospital Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Riverview Hospital Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800559042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068832444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758","https://openalex.org/I2800559042"],"apc_list":{"value":4981,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4981},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88802032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"339","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.16599999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.962608814239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4699048399925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43628591299057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3972495198249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3598354458808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3163102865219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10783040523529053}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003069","descriptor_name":"Coffee","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011567","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Department, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011605","descriptor_name":"Psychoses, Substance-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011605","descriptor_name":"Psychoses, Substance-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012917","descriptor_name":"Social Adjustment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-pdf/15/2/339/5392141/15-2-339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117485531","display_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","issn_l":"0586-7614","issn":["0586-7614","1745-1701","1745-1707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2749192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2749192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schizophrenia bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.610.9562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.610.9562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2/339.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/15.2.339","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-pdf/15/2/339/5392141/15-2-339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117485531","display_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","issn_l":"0586-7614","issn":["0586-7614","1745-1701","1745-1707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102145174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102145174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W368475356","https://openalex.org/W811705756","https://openalex.org/W1510287292","https://openalex.org/W1519125830","https://openalex.org/W1662354086","https://openalex.org/W1729975301","https://openalex.org/W1976654351","https://openalex.org/W1995335123","https://openalex.org/W2020353923","https://openalex.org/W2020844317","https://openalex.org/W2024483071","https://openalex.org/W2042061501","https://openalex.org/W2079443937","https://openalex.org/W2110692932","https://openalex.org/W2140737548","https://openalex.org/W2160570396","https://openalex.org/W2164492784","https://openalex.org/W2341591769","https://openalex.org/W2404597037","https://openalex.org/W2415034445","https://openalex.org/W2416160455","https://openalex.org/W2966673846","https://openalex.org/W6750455868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098184944","https://openalex.org/W2125343223","https://openalex.org/W2133338584","https://openalex.org/W4321749076","https://openalex.org/W1974571685","https://openalex.org/W2587981170","https://openalex.org/W1979225061","https://openalex.org/W7096580163","https://openalex.org/W2418379095","https://openalex.org/W2119250584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"present":[1],"study":[2],"replicates":[3],"that":[4,37],"of":[5,51,93,114,148,157,163],"De":[6],"Freitas":[7],"and":[8,23,105],"Schwartz":[9],"(1979),":[10],"using":[11],"more":[12],"typical":[13],"chronic":[14,151],"patients":[15,153],"(on":[16],"open":[17,45],"wards":[18],"rather":[19],"than":[20],"locked":[21],"wards),":[22],"monitoring":[24],"coffee":[25,52,67,78,84,144],"intake":[26],"with":[27],"serum":[28,32],"caffeine":[29,33,38],"levels.":[30],"levels":[34],"observed":[35],"indicate":[36],"can":[39],"be":[40,107,126],"effectively":[41],"manipulated":[42],"on":[43,154],"an":[44],"ward":[46],"by":[47,110],"switching":[48],"the":[49,88,94,99,111,123,132],"type":[50],"served.":[53],"Contrary":[54],"to":[55,128,142],"our":[56],"predictions,":[57],"no":[58],"significant":[59],"improvements":[60,100],"in":[61,103],"patients'":[62],"behavior":[63],"occurred":[64],"when":[65,76],"decaffeinated":[66,83,143],"was":[68,72,79,85],"first":[69],"introduced,":[70],"nor":[71],"there":[73],"any":[74,92],"deterioration":[75],"regular":[77],"reinstated.":[80],"Only":[81],"after":[82],"introduced":[86],"for":[87,109,139,145],"second":[89],"time":[90,115,120],"did":[91],"predicted":[95],"changes":[96],"occur;":[97],"however,":[98],"were":[101],"few":[102],"number":[104],"may":[106],"accounted":[108],"considerable":[112],"effect":[113],"per":[116],"se":[117],"across":[118],"all":[119,129],"periods.":[121],"Although":[122],"findings":[124],"cannot":[125],"generalized":[127],"psychiatric":[130],"patients,":[131],"results":[133],"do":[134],"not":[135],"support":[136],"recent":[137],"calls":[138],"a":[140],"switch":[141],"this":[146],"population":[147],"inpatients":[149],"(i.e.,":[150],"schizophrenic":[152],"high":[155],"doses":[156],"neuroleptics":[158],"who":[159],"drink":[160],"large":[161],"amounts":[162],"coffee).":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}