{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102136291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","title":"Organizational Incentives and Organizational Mortality","display_name":"Organizational Incentives and Organizational Mortality","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102136291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","mag":"2102136291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206124708","display_name":"Organization Science","issn_l":"1047-7039","issn":["1047-7039","1526-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organization Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059930673","display_name":"Scott A. Shane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Shane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059930673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97400376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"136","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10344","display_name":"Management and Organizational Studies","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-mortality","display_name":"organizational mortality","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-survival","display_name":"business survival","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-contracts","display_name":"incentive contracts","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-format-franchising","display_name":"business format franchising","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franchising","display_name":"franchising","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-signaling","display_name":"quality signaling","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-riding","display_name":"free-riding","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-incentives","display_name":"organizational incentives","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8502962589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778440429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171947","display_name":"Franchise","level":2,"score":0.6898267865180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5576246380805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5066148042678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169735623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430172","display_name":"Organizational learning","level":2,"score":0.48700815439224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.48161381483078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155109394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2029930","display_name":"Organizational studies","level":3,"score":0.4762263894081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.4505296051502228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190338456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102016","display_name":"Organizational ecology","level":2,"score":0.4324153959751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195289821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102006","display_name":"Organizational analysis","level":2,"score":0.4227152466773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4199136793613434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41456714272499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.41098552942276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38095009326934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.374931275844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2769410312175751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.17349320650100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.136.10108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206124708","display_name":"Organization Science","issn_l":"1047-7039","issn":["1047-7039","1526-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organization Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9381690","https://openalex.org/W51488276","https://openalex.org/W64623188","https://openalex.org/W89642408","https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W562958636","https://openalex.org/W1489018916","https://openalex.org/W1530407286","https://openalex.org/W1542323922","https://openalex.org/W1550050602","https://openalex.org/W1551653989","https://openalex.org/W1565325499","https://openalex.org/W1566269525","https://openalex.org/W1566344170","https://openalex.org/W1596819205","https://openalex.org/W1604951427","https://openalex.org/W1605061461","https://openalex.org/W1607589002","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1761611300","https://openalex.org/W1900722043","https://openalex.org/W1963964187","https://openalex.org/W1972698480","https://openalex.org/W1986903447","https://openalex.org/W1987016659","https://openalex.org/W1987914981","https://openalex.org/W1992491202","https://openalex.org/W1999410909","https://openalex.org/W2002248789","https://openalex.org/W2003451690","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2007084087","https://openalex.org/W2007180942","https://openalex.org/W2007413532","https://openalex.org/W2009480226","https://openalex.org/W2013955948","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2021301441","https://openalex.org/W2026999211","https://openalex.org/W2027327055","https://openalex.org/W2029575940","https://openalex.org/W2035438980","https://openalex.org/W2035647360","https://openalex.org/W2037179488","https://openalex.org/W2038093860","https://openalex.org/W2043593255","https://openalex.org/W2049597231","https://openalex.org/W2061222053","https://openalex.org/W2061943522","https://openalex.org/W2071419362","https://openalex.org/W2073753770","https://openalex.org/W2075170916","https://openalex.org/W2075816373","https://openalex.org/W2076070330","https://openalex.org/W2087110418","https://openalex.org/W2095131847","https://openalex.org/W2104343118","https://openalex.org/W2116808919","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2118226378","https://openalex.org/W2121068993","https://openalex.org/W2127761399","https://openalex.org/W2138697880","https://openalex.org/W2143200339","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2153340346","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W2159734550","https://openalex.org/W2167350343","https://openalex.org/W2313363431","https://openalex.org/W2317921731","https://openalex.org/W2321396344","https://openalex.org/W2333221509","https://openalex.org/W2337394005","https://openalex.org/W2497086619","https://openalex.org/W2516098525","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2991996124","https://openalex.org/W3016265253","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3123815252","https://openalex.org/W4248053473","https://openalex.org/W4248499683","https://openalex.org/W4292157289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373173844","https://openalex.org/W4242389889","https://openalex.org/W2332035715","https://openalex.org/W7020039418","https://openalex.org/W2164386050","https://openalex.org/W2329636563","https://openalex.org/W2307314671","https://openalex.org/W3121480948","https://openalex.org/W2297543044","https://openalex.org/W2592723636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"a":[1],"long":[2],"tradition":[3],"of":[4,16,31,37],"research":[5],"on":[6,19,34],"organizational":[7,9],"mortality,":[8],"theorists":[10],"have":[11],"not":[12,86],"examined":[13],"the":[14,29,35,44],"effect":[15,30],"incentive":[17,32],"contracting":[18,33,58],"firm":[20],"survival.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23,48],"fills":[24],"this":[25],"gap":[26],"by":[27],"examining":[28],"survival":[36],"U.S.":[38],"business":[39],"format":[40],"franchise":[41],"systems":[42],"over":[43],"period":[45],"1984-1996.":[46],"The":[47],"finds":[49],"empirical":[50],"support":[51],"for":[52],"several":[53],"hypotheses":[54],"derived":[55],"from":[56],"efficient":[57],"theory.":[59],"In":[60],"general,":[61],"large":[62,82],"firms":[63,83],"that":[64],"adopt":[65,87],"policies":[66],"which":[67,84],"screen":[68],"agents,":[69],"signal":[70],"quality,":[71],"and":[72],"control":[73],"agents'":[74],"free-riding":[75],"are":[76],"more":[77],"likely":[78],"to":[79],"survive":[80],"than":[81],"do":[85],"these":[88],"policies.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}