{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102134751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","title":"European Reference Values for Doppler Indices of Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling","display_name":"European Reference Values for Doppler Indices of Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102134751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","mag":"2102134751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15182768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87609158","display_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","issn_l":"1388-9842","issn":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102655431","display_name":"Myongheon Sim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146878","display_name":"University Hospital Llandough","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcrn131","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I4210144625","https://openalex.org/I4210146878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.F.Victor Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Llandough Hospital , Penarth ,","Llandough Hospital Penarth UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Llandough Hospital , Penarth ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Llandough Hospital Penarth UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072762585","display_name":"Shu Fang Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-6424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-6424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802070489","display_name":"Royal Shrewsbury Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05nnz2423","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802070489","https://openalex.org/I4210146362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu F. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Shrewsbury Hospital , Shropshire ,","Royal Shrewsbury Hospital Shropshire UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Shrewsbury Hospital , Shropshire ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802070489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Shrewsbury Hospital Shropshire UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802070489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110331406","display_name":"M. Sinead O'Mahony","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146878","display_name":"University Hospital Llandough","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcrn131","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I4210144625","https://openalex.org/I4210146878"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.Sinead O'Mahony","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wales College of Medicine, Llandough Hospital , Penarth ,","University of Wales College of Medicine, Llandough Hospital Penarth UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wales College of Medicine, Llandough Hospital , Penarth ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146878","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wales College of Medicine, Llandough Hospital Penarth UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146878","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078616418","display_name":"John Steward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Steward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit , Cardiff ,","Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit , Cardiff ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056298419","display_name":"MAURICE B. BUCHALTER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800861664","display_name":"University Hospital of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/04fgpet95","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I2800861664","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Buchalter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff ,","University Hospital of Wales, Department of Cardiology, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800861664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital of Wales, Department of Cardiology, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800861664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110429316","display_name":"Michael Burr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Burr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, University of Wales College of Medicine , Cardiff ,","University of Wales College of Medicine Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health Cardiff UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, University of Wales College of Medicine , Cardiff ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wales College of Medicine Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health Cardiff UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110331406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146878","https://openalex.org/I97429440"],"apc_list":{"value":5300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6503,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75889946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"433","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-ventricular-diastolic-function","display_name":"left ventricular diastolic function","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction","display_name":"heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-indices","display_name":"Doppler indices","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitral-flow","display_name":"transmitral flow","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-dwelling-elderly","display_name":"community-dwelling older adults","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echocardiography","display_name":"echocardiography","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8966076374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.7834386825561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7055374383926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.6929996013641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57900726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492905","display_name":"Diastole","level":3,"score":0.6885039806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55609890","display_name":"Doppler echocardiography","level":4,"score":0.6729772090911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.6458786725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.6164880990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5022599697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.46165192127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30314111","display_name":"Diastolic function","level":4,"score":0.4379671812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.18390944600105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003971","descriptor_name":"Diastole","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006352","descriptor_name":"Heart Ventricles","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013599","descriptor_name":"Systole","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014664","descriptor_name":"Vasodilation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014852","descriptor_name":"Wales","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015150","descriptor_name":"Echocardiography, Doppler","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016277","descriptor_name":"Ventricular Function, Left","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018487","descriptor_name":"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018487","descriptor_name":"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87609158","display_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","issn_l":"1388-9842","issn":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15182768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15182768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of heart failure","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:59044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/59044/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.08.002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87609158","display_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","issn_l":"1388-9842","issn":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Heart Failure","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102134751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2102134751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99292369","https://openalex.org/W1970597020","https://openalex.org/W1975222570","https://openalex.org/W1987223285","https://openalex.org/W1994221687","https://openalex.org/W2003387215","https://openalex.org/W2008376963","https://openalex.org/W2012431709","https://openalex.org/W2013541227","https://openalex.org/W2014478216","https://openalex.org/W2016847367","https://openalex.org/W2017850911","https://openalex.org/W2019956146","https://openalex.org/W2030322029","https://openalex.org/W2042967298","https://openalex.org/W2051931531","https://openalex.org/W2054180516","https://openalex.org/W2059520368","https://openalex.org/W2081148026","https://openalex.org/W2083932774","https://openalex.org/W2087109276","https://openalex.org/W2087985872","https://openalex.org/W2097693749","https://openalex.org/W2103688076","https://openalex.org/W2396454725","https://openalex.org/W2434325489","https://openalex.org/W2435386331","https://openalex.org/W2492085854","https://openalex.org/W2799338179","https://openalex.org/W4255555966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970597020","https://openalex.org/W2170869285","https://openalex.org/W7095220843","https://openalex.org/W2048539374","https://openalex.org/W7098319303","https://openalex.org/W2730280021","https://openalex.org/W2016923095","https://openalex.org/W4252946008","https://openalex.org/W2129186705","https://openalex.org/W1987223285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58],"European":[1],"Study":[2],"Group":[3],"on":[4],"diastolic":[5,15,22,44],"heart":[6,23],"failure":[7],"requires":[8],"objective":[9],"evidence":[10],"of":[11,21,36,60,72,81,110,116,142],"abnormal":[12],"left":[13,42],"ventricular":[14,43],"function":[16],"to":[17,40,64],"establish":[18,65],"the":[19,90],"diagnosis":[20],"failure,":[24],"which":[25],"is":[26],"common":[27],"in":[28,56,75,89,150],"older":[29,76],"people.":[30,77],"Reference":[31],"values":[32,67,141],"for":[33,50,68,145],"Doppler":[34,70,114,140],"indices":[35,71,115],"transmitral":[37,73,117,143],"flow,":[38],"used":[39,113],"assess":[41],"function,":[45],"have":[46,136],"not":[47],"been":[48],"reported":[49],"people":[51,146],"70":[52,85,149],"years":[53],"and":[54,86,95,103,124,132],"over":[55,148],"Europe.":[57],"aim":[59],"this":[61],"study":[62],"was":[63],"reference":[66,125,139],"these":[69,120],"flow":[74,118,144],"A":[78],"random":[79],"sample":[80],"355":[82],"subjects":[83,98,121],"aged":[84,147],"over,":[87],"living":[88],"community":[91],"underwent":[92],"clinical":[93],"assessment":[94],"echocardiography.":[96],"Asymptomatic":[97],"with":[99],"no":[100],"cardiovascular":[101,104],"disease":[102],"risk":[105],"factors":[106],"were":[107,122],"identified.":[108],"Measurements":[109],"five":[111],"commonly":[112],"from":[119],"obtained":[123],"range":[126],"expressed":[127],"as":[128,133],"mean+/-2":[129],"standard":[130],"deviations":[131],"percentiles.":[134],"We":[135],"therefore":[137],"generated":[138],"a":[151],"British":[152],"population.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}