{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102134348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","title":"U.S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Epidemic: Date of Origin, Population History, and Characterization of Early Strains","display_name":"U.S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Epidemic: Date of Origin, Population History, and Characterization of Early Strains","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102134348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","mag":"2102134348","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743293","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/155028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC155028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082265879","display_name":"Kenneth E. Robbins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth E. Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039280845","display_name":"Philippe Lemey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24156275","display_name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5j8p12","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Lemey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061658598","display_name":"Oliver G. Pybus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-2667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-2667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver G. Pybus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110970294","display_name":"Harold W. Jaffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold W. Jaffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055425525","display_name":"Ae S. Youngpairoj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1342-3086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1342-3086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ae S. Youngpairoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103671540","display_name":"Teresa M. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa M. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030387965","display_name":"Marco Salemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-2102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-2102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24156275","display_name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5j8p12","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Salemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065034994","display_name":"Anne\u2010Mieke Vandamme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-2766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-2766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24156275","display_name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5j8p12","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-Mieke Vandamme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107414102","display_name":"Marcia L. Kalish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia L. Kalish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082265879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94656489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"11","first_page":"6359","last_page":"6366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-subtype-b","display_name":"HIV-1 subtype B","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"phylogenetic analysis","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalescent-analysis","display_name":"coalescent analysis","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-growth-rate","display_name":"epidemic growth rate","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"exponential growth","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8635982275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2554327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698599","display_name":"Coalescent theory","level":4,"score":0.764025092124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.6196929216384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6001027822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5984079837799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517289559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10297573","display_name":"Demographic history","level":4,"score":0.5436990857124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197583594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052390","display_name":"Most recent common ancestor","level":4,"score":0.5220494270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.4971642792224884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.44520115852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.41127458214759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.38572055101394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.32309120893478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.22359055280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.19641387462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007963","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes, Mononuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015981","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018451","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality, Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019302","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp160","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.11.6359-6366.2003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:139054","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC155028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12743293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:155028","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC155028/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:139054","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC155028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12126937","https://openalex.org/W601314101","https://openalex.org/W603816015","https://openalex.org/W791550880","https://openalex.org/W1450570599","https://openalex.org/W1518998393","https://openalex.org/W1569471143","https://openalex.org/W1577559437","https://openalex.org/W1627780041","https://openalex.org/W1762082768","https://openalex.org/W1966406643","https://openalex.org/W1972137962","https://openalex.org/W1998194183","https://openalex.org/W2004506270","https://openalex.org/W2006007874","https://openalex.org/W2010981336","https://openalex.org/W2013450370","https://openalex.org/W2025948021","https://openalex.org/W2028246797","https://openalex.org/W2028942402","https://openalex.org/W2029353650","https://openalex.org/W2035146477","https://openalex.org/W2056899326","https://openalex.org/W2076456926","https://openalex.org/W2082928585","https://openalex.org/W2099635197","https://openalex.org/W2113304454","https://openalex.org/W2124409966","https://openalex.org/W2125359798","https://openalex.org/W2133636845","https://openalex.org/W2135391347","https://openalex.org/W2139053866","https://openalex.org/W2148102806","https://openalex.org/W2148146477","https://openalex.org/W2154331465","https://openalex.org/W2163357043","https://openalex.org/W2164789250","https://openalex.org/W2280013466","https://openalex.org/W2326019870","https://openalex.org/W2338572106","https://openalex.org/W2586117227","https://openalex.org/W3217097258","https://openalex.org/W4210633230","https://openalex.org/W4230097272","https://openalex.org/W4242670519","https://openalex.org/W4367180116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097608130","https://openalex.org/W2150242636","https://openalex.org/W2810251340","https://openalex.org/W2542611942","https://openalex.org/W1974885300","https://openalex.org/W2072429225","https://openalex.org/W2604312338","https://openalex.org/W2077262619","https://openalex.org/W7098820382","https://openalex.org/W2009187050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"immunodeficiency":[1],"virus":[2],"(HIV)":[3],"type":[4],"1":[5],"subtype":[6,146],"B":[7,147],"sequences":[8,51,74],"(whole":[9],"envelope":[10],"and":[11,33,42,91,220],"the":[12,116,121,140,144,161,164,181,188,191,197,201,216,229],"p17":[13],"region":[14],"of":[15,79,118,120,143,163,178,190,209,215,225],"gag)":[16],"were":[17,46,75],"obtained":[18],"from":[19,28,36,57,160,180],"peripheral":[20],"blood":[21],"mononuclear":[22],"cell":[23],"samples":[24],"collected":[25,56],"in":[26,34,87,196,228],"1981":[27],"seven":[29],"HIV-infected":[30],"U.S.":[31,122,145,165,173],"individuals":[32],"1982":[35],"one":[37],"infected":[38],"Canadian":[39],"resident.":[40],"Phylogenetic":[41],"nucleotide":[43,81],"distance":[44,82],"analyses":[45,150],"performed":[47],"by":[48,77],"using":[49],"database":[50],"representing":[52],"North":[53],"American":[54],"strains":[55,68,95,103],"1978":[58],"to":[59,100,105,126,138],"1995.":[60],"The":[61,168],"estimated":[62,125,202],"phylogeny":[63],"was":[64,124,135],"starlike,":[65],"with":[66],"early":[67,101,217],"represented":[69],"on":[70],"different":[71],"lineages.":[72],"When":[73],"grouped":[76],"years":[78],"collection,":[80],"comparisons":[83],"demonstrated":[84],"an":[85,156],"increase":[86],"diversity":[88],"over":[89],"time":[90],"indicated":[92],"that":[93,154,186,212],"contemporary":[94],"are":[96],"more":[97],"closely":[98],"related":[99],"epidemic":[102,123,203],"than":[104],"each":[106],"other.":[107],"Using":[108],"a":[109,172,207,223],"recently":[110],"developed":[111],"likelihood":[112],"ratio":[113],"reduction":[114],"procedure,":[115],"date":[117,175,177,189],"origin":[119],"be":[127],"1968":[128],"+/-":[129],"1.4":[130],"years.":[131],"A":[132],"coalescent":[133],"approach":[134],"also":[136,221],"used":[137],"estimate":[139],"population":[141],"history":[142],"epidemic.":[148,167],"Our":[149],"provide":[151],"new":[152],"information":[153],"implies":[155],"exponential":[157,210],"growth":[158,204,211],"rate":[159],"beginning":[162],"HIV":[166],"dating":[169],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"introduction":[174],"(or":[176],"divergence":[179],"most":[182,214],"recent":[183,230],"common":[184],"ancestor)":[185],"precedes":[187],"earliest":[192],"known":[193],"AIDS":[194],"cases":[195,219],"late":[198],"1970s.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"curve":[205],"shows":[206],"period":[208],"preceded":[213],"documented":[218],"indicates":[222],"leveling":[224],"prevalence":[226],"rates":[227],"past.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
