{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101149709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","title":"Control of Nosocomial Infections in an Intensive Care Unit in Guatemala City","display_name":"Control of Nosocomial Infections in an Intensive Care Unit in Guatemala City","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101149709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","mag":"2101149709","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8527548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. E. Berg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156341307","display_name":"Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala","ror":"https://ror.org/01b4w2923","country_code":"GT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156341307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113413","display_name":"Roosevelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3qt588","country_code":"GT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}],"countries":["GT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. E. Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, Chicago, USA","From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156341307","https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055873183","display_name":"Ronald C. Hershow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-798X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-798X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156341307","display_name":"Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala","ror":"https://ror.org/01b4w2923","country_code":"GT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156341307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113413","display_name":"Roosevelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3qt588","country_code":"GT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}],"countries":["GT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Hershow","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156341307","https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. A. Ramirez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156341307","display_name":"Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala","ror":"https://ror.org/01b4w2923","country_code":"GT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156341307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113413","display_name":"Roosevelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3qt588","country_code":"GT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}],"countries":["GT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Ramirez","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156341307","https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026024349","display_name":"Robert A. Weinstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-858X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-858X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156341307","display_name":"Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala","ror":"https://ror.org/01b4w2923","country_code":"GT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156341307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113413","display_name":"Roosevelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3qt588","country_code":"GT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}],"countries":["GT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Weinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois Abraham Lincoln College of Medicine, and the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Hospital Roosevelt, University of San Carlos Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156341307","https://openalex.org/I4210113413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156341307","https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210113413"],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7653195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"588","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.6021000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.6021000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.39579999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"intensive care unit","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-acquired-pneumonia","display_name":"nosocomial pneumonia","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control-interventions","display_name":"infection control interventions","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-interventions","display_name":"targeted interventions","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aseptic-technique","display_name":"aseptic technique","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-acquired-infections","display_name":"intensive care unit-acquired infections","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guatemala-city","display_name":"Guatemala City","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.93244868516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.6876866817474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6795042157173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6622672080993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.6421791911125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5971041917800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196762363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723758","display_name":"Asepsis","level":2,"score":0.5674200654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.513060450553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.48651236295700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017721199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754438","display_name":"Respiratory care","level":2,"score":0.47130024433135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.44964680075645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.4479231834411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.41485556960105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.22075232863426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19211095571517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.16114652156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006166","descriptor_name":"Guatemala","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006235","descriptor_name":"Hand Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006784","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Teaching","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8527548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8527548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.884.7039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.884.7039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/588.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162454103","https://openalex.org/W1987651951","https://openalex.org/W1998185770","https://openalex.org/W2022810183","https://openalex.org/W2031157763","https://openalex.org/W2034799580","https://openalex.org/W2102446691","https://openalex.org/W2134811911","https://openalex.org/W2146926410","https://openalex.org/W2168223076","https://openalex.org/W2314608485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101097931","https://openalex.org/W2371122512","https://openalex.org/W2400051024","https://openalex.org/W2084759552","https://openalex.org/W4290058644","https://openalex.org/W1987088490","https://openalex.org/W2070970873","https://openalex.org/W2162127411","https://openalex.org/W2112734234","https://openalex.org/W4408856268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"tested":[1],"the":[2,61,87,100,125],"effectiveness":[3],"of":[4,21,30,36,58,70,78,89,102,105,114,127,141],"specific":[5],"vs.":[6],"general":[7,51],"infection":[8,156],"control":[9],"interventions":[10,27,52],"in":[11,15,132,158,162],"a":[12,37,142],"teaching":[13],"hospital":[14],"Guatemala":[16],"City.":[17],"After":[18],"3":[19],"months":[20],"prospective":[22],"surveillance,":[23],"we":[24],"implemented":[25],"targeted":[26,115],"(i.e.,":[28,53],"modification":[29],"respiratory":[31,48,116],"tract":[32],"care":[33,160],"and":[34,50,118,134],"use":[35],"closed":[38,143],"urinary":[39,144],"catheter":[40],"drainage":[41,145],"system),":[42],"an":[43,119],"educational":[44,122],"program":[45],"focused":[46,121,148],"on":[47],"intervention,":[49],"aseptic":[54],"technique).":[55],"The":[56,112],"rate":[57,126],"nosocomial":[59,64,106,128],"pneumonia,":[60],"most":[62],"common":[63],"infection,":[65],"decreased":[66],"from":[67,93],"33%":[68],"(41":[69],"123":[71],"patients)":[72,80],"before":[73],"intervention":[74,82,117],"to":[75,95,154],"16%":[76],"(21":[77],"130":[79],"after":[81],"(P":[83,97],"=":[84],".001).":[85],"Although":[86],"frequency":[88],"hand":[90,135],"washing":[91,136],"increased":[92],"5%":[94],"63%":[96],"<":[98],".001),":[99],"rates":[101,157],"other":[103],"types":[104],"infections":[107],"did":[108],"not":[109,151],"change":[110],"significantly.":[111],"combination":[113],"intense,":[120],"campaign":[123],"reduced":[124],"pneumonia.":[129],"General":[130],"improvements":[131],"hygiene":[133],"rates,":[137],"or":[138],"even":[139],"implementation":[140],"system":[146],"without":[147],"education,":[149],"may":[150],"be":[152],"sufficient":[153],"reduce":[155],"intensive":[159],"units":[161],"developing":[163],"countries.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
