{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100569554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","title":"Early Exposure to Common Anesthetic Agents Causes Widespread Neurodegeneration in the Developing Rat Brain and Persistent Learning Deficits","display_name":"Early Exposure to Common Anesthetic Agents Causes Widespread Neurodegeneration in the Developing Rat Brain and Persistent Learning Deficits","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100569554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","mag":"2100569554","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12574416","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6741934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/3/876.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/3/876.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103133365","display_name":"Vesna Jevtovi\u0107\u2010Todorovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-9768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-9768","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-5373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799765794","display_name":"University of Virginia Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/00wn7d965","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799765794"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and Departments of"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and Departments of","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799765794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084581760","display_name":"Richard E. Hartman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-3169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-3169"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard E. Hartman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067324638","display_name":"Yukitoshi Izumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-1031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-1031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukitoshi Izumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027744957","display_name":"Nicholas D. Benshoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas D. Benshoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014470968","display_name":"Krikor T. Dikranian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-3815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-3815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krikor Dikranian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081481500","display_name":"Charles F. Zorumski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-5154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-5154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles F. Zorumski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047762877","display_name":"John W. Olney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Olney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005571616","display_name":"David F. Wozniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-740X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-740X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David F. Wozniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1992,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98988537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"876","last_page":"882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12963","display_name":"Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12963","display_name":"Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12626","display_name":"Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthetic-neurotoxicity","display_name":"anesthetic neurotoxicity","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor-antagonist","display_name":"NMDA receptor antagonists","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-a-receptor-agonists","display_name":"GABA-A receptor agonists","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midazolam","display_name":"midazolam","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrous-oxide","display_name":"nitrous oxide","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoflurane","display_name":"isoflurane","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-brain","display_name":"developing brain","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-deficits","display_name":"learning deficits","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-impairment","display_name":"memory impairment","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-anesthesia","display_name":"pediatric anesthesia","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstetric-anesthesia","display_name":"obstetric anesthesia","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.8840063810348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778162923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4990531","display_name":"Anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.6527275443077087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6421013474464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.6162673234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413918","display_name":"Isoflurane","level":2,"score":0.61087566614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5609810948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813773","display_name":"Synaptogenesis","level":2,"score":0.548105001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.5365502834320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.377910315990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3692553639411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3577152192592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29826217889785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.22003066539764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1513538360595703}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000777","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000831","descriptor_name":"Animals, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007530","descriptor_name":"Isoflurane","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008569","descriptor_name":"Memory Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008569","descriptor_name":"Memory Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008569","descriptor_name":"Memory Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008874","descriptor_name":"Midazolam","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009609","descriptor_name":"Nitrous Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016194","descriptor_name":"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017774","descriptor_name":"Long-Term Potentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018691","descriptor_name":"Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018755","descriptor_name":"GABA Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018782","descriptor_name":"Maze Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/3/876.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6741934","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6741934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12574416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12574416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/3/876.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1372124005","display_name":"MODULATION OF GLUTAMATE NEUROTRANSMISSION","funder_award_id":"R01MH045493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G270755323","display_name":"Developmental Brain Damage by Drugs of Abuse","funder_award_id":"R01DA005072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3078445369","display_name":"Acute Brain Injury, Mechanisms and Consequences","funder_award_id":"R37HD037100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3183230168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH45493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3499795979","display_name":"Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Aging","funder_award_id":"R01AG018434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072173298","display_name":"ACUTE BRAIN INJURY, MECHANISMS AND PROTECTION","funder_award_id":"R01HD037100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6983113579","display_name":"Mu Opiate Receptors","funder_award_id":"Z01DA000406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G775665388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD 37100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8890258213","display_name":"Effects of Ethanol on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity","funder_award_id":"R01AA012951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8983187986","display_name":"EXCITATORY TRANSMITTERS, MEMORY, AGING AND DEMENTIA","funder_award_id":"P01AG011355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000126113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD37100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000354052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG 11355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G922613771","display_name":"PSYCHOTIC AND ANALGESIC ACTIONS OF NMDA ANTAGONISTS","funder_award_id":"K08DA000406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2100569554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2100569554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39297182","https://openalex.org/W1548847874","https://openalex.org/W1633272553","https://openalex.org/W1782908816","https://openalex.org/W1964756308","https://openalex.org/W1966499414","https://openalex.org/W1973376874","https://openalex.org/W1998241928","https://openalex.org/W2004002057","https://openalex.org/W2017595192","https://openalex.org/W2024555401","https://openalex.org/W2036206364","https://openalex.org/W2036650593","https://openalex.org/W2037707710","https://openalex.org/W2049527932","https://openalex.org/W2049736120","https://openalex.org/W2053411770","https://openalex.org/W2063913011","https://openalex.org/W2080131125","https://openalex.org/W2081025398","https://openalex.org/W2083217606","https://openalex.org/W2087401867","https://openalex.org/W2088733650","https://openalex.org/W2088838360","https://openalex.org/W2096714570","https://openalex.org/W2097872484","https://openalex.org/W2134668678","https://openalex.org/W2145912576","https://openalex.org/W2154521931","https://openalex.org/W2162665706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086880966","https://openalex.org/W2045232627","https://openalex.org/W2068070784","https://openalex.org/W2274209186","https://openalex.org/W2524284970","https://openalex.org/W2059988722","https://openalex.org/W4319586761","https://openalex.org/W1565010155","https://openalex.org/W2323470934","https://openalex.org/W2013498560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"it":[1,56],"was":[2],"demonstrated":[3],"that":[4,17,24,136],"exposure":[5],"of":[6,13,54,84,108,128],"the":[7,11,75,89,143],"developing":[8,90,144],"brain":[9],"during":[10],"period":[12],"synaptogenesis":[14],"to":[15,65,95,102,123],"drugs":[16,23,109],"block":[18],"NMDA":[19,41],"glutamate":[20],"receptors":[21,27],"or":[22,43,49,62],"potentiate":[25],"GABA(A)":[26,44],"can":[28],"trigger":[29],"widespread":[30,139],"apoptotic":[31,86,140],"neurodegeneration.":[32],"All":[33],"currently":[34],"used":[35,111],"general":[36],"anesthetic":[37],"agents":[38,67],"have":[39,100,134],"either":[40],"receptor-blocking":[42],"receptor-enhancing":[45],"properties.":[46],"To":[47,93],"induce":[48],"maintain":[50,124],"a":[51,106,125],"surgical":[52,126],"plane":[53,127],"anesthesia,":[55],"is":[57],"common":[58],"practice":[59,80],"in":[60,72,88,112,120,142,147],"pediatric":[61,113],"obstetrical":[63],"medicine":[64],"use":[66],"from":[68],"these":[69],"two":[70],"classes":[71],"combination.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"question":[76],"arises":[77],"whether":[78],"this":[79,97,137],"entails":[81],"significant":[82],"risk":[83],"inducing":[85],"neurodegeneration":[87,141],"human":[91],"brain.":[92],"begin":[94],"address":[96],"problem,":[98],"we":[99],"administered":[101],"7-d-old":[103],"infant":[104],"rats":[105],"combination":[107],"commonly":[110],"anesthesia":[114,129],"(midazolam,":[115],"nitrous":[116],"oxide,":[117],"and":[118,133,151],"isoflurane)":[119],"doses":[121],"sufficient":[122],"for":[130],"6":[131],"hr,":[132],"observed":[135],"causes":[138],"brain,":[145],"deficits":[146],"hippocampal":[148],"synaptic":[149],"function,":[150],"persistent":[152],"memory/learning":[153],"impairments.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":118},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":133},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":153},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":100}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
