{"id":"https://openalex.org/W209983159","doi":null,"title":"Software, accessibility, usability testing and individuals with disabilities","display_name":"Software, accessibility, usability testing and individuals with disabilities","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W209983159","mag":"209983159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:209983159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-207705600/software-accessibility-usability-testing-and-individuals","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907355","display_name":"Information technology and disabilities","issn_l":"1073-5127","issn":["1073-5127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information technology and disabilities","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061612924","display_name":"Sheryl E. Burgstahler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheryl Burgstahler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023694356","display_name":"Tracy Jirikowic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-6134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-6134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Jirikowic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086071862","display_name":"Beth E. Kolko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-2726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-2726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Kolko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024031203","display_name":"Matt Eliot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Eliot","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85613464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility","display_name":"accessibility","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-testing","display_name":"usability testing","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-with-disabilities","display_name":"people with disabilities","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"assistive technology","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"digital divide","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"web accessibility","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology-evaluation","display_name":"assistive technology evaluation","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology-training","display_name":"assistive technology training","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778802812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894","display_name":"Braille","level":2,"score":0.635258674621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5739547610282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5627939701080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5538144707679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5218283534049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.5150746703147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.4934748411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48788022994995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.4331970810890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.40128791332244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3980245590209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3715939521789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3283790349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2854744791984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2845684289932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2592785656452179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18110093474388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.12543985247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:209983159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-207705600/software-accessibility-usability-testing-and-individuals","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907355","display_name":"Information technology and disabilities","issn_l":"1073-5127","issn":["1073-5127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information technology and disabilities","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405618818","https://openalex.org/W6990438399","https://openalex.org/W7098664909","https://openalex.org/W780373575","https://openalex.org/W67074293","https://openalex.org/W1888204437","https://openalex.org/W4237394464","https://openalex.org/W2023004886","https://openalex.org/W2096932450","https://openalex.org/W2153901834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION":[0],"Electronic":[1],"and":[2,24,29,79,101,136,209,212,238,246,261,276,308,383,407,422,471,480,565],"information":[3,46,188],"technology":[4,73,310],"products":[5,450],"hold":[6],"significant":[7,54,161],"promise":[8],"for":[9,37,186,230,371,402,441,465,484,499],"all":[10],"individuals":[11,38,87,91,119,398,414,466,485,500,506,559],"to":[12,17,77,86,132,143,159,163,176,181,189,225,240,256,265,280,306,317,376,397,444,469,482,505],"be":[13,34,190],"better":[14,498],"informed,":[15],"able":[16],"communicate":[18,232,266],"with":[19,39,88,92,120,165,169,214,233,253,270,283,300,374,399,425,467,486,507,550,560],"greater":[20,36],"numbers":[21],"of":[22,42,110,151,221,290,321,339,541,553],"people,":[23],"more":[25],"successful":[26],"in":[27,71,294,389,437,457,544,562],"school":[28],"employment.":[30,242],"This":[31],"potential":[32,158],"may":[33],"even":[35],"disabilities,":[40],"many":[41],"whom":[43],"report":[44],"that":[45,82,346,393,451,461,491,520],"technology,":[47],"including":[48],"the":[49,145,157,219,258,287,291,343,369,429,545],"Internet,":[50],"has":[51],"had":[52],"a":[53,103,107,134,349,391,438,459],"impact":[55],"on":[56,106,115,218,286],"their":[57,129,226,241,322],"lives":[58],"(DO-IT,":[59],"2004;":[60],"Hasselbring":[61],"&":[62,328,334,513,531],"Glaser,":[63],"2000;":[64,148,336],"Success":[65],"Stories,":[66],"2002;":[67],"Taylor,":[68],"2000).":[69,153,341],"Advancements":[70],"computer":[72],"have":[74,156,304,518,537],"opened":[75],"doors":[76],"educational":[78],"employment":[80],"opportunities":[81],"were":[83],"once":[84],"closed":[85],"disabilities.":[89,166,487],"Most":[90],"disabilities":[93,121,284,301,375,400,468,502,561],"who":[94,302,415],"are":[95,122,138,386,416,463,476],"employed":[96],"use":[97,144,483],"computers":[98,307],"at":[99],"work":[100],"as":[102,126,128,141],"group":[104],"rely":[105],"wide":[108],"variety":[109],"assistive":[111,309,359,405],"technologies":[112,155,245,360,406],"(National":[113],"Organization":[114],"Disability,":[116],"2004).":[117],"However,":[118],"less":[123],"than":[124],"half":[125],"likely":[127,142],"non-disabled":[130],"counterparts":[131],"own":[133],"computer,":[135],"they":[137,394,462],"about":[139],"one-quarter":[140],"Internet":[146],"(Kaye,":[147],"US":[149,337],"Department":[150,338],"Commerce,":[152,340],"Computer":[154,167],"provide":[160,368],"benefits":[162],"people":[164,282,299,373],"users":[168],"visual":[170,508],"impairments":[171,255,511],"can":[172,198,228],"gain":[173],"immediate":[174],"access":[175,200,305,316,377,419],"content,":[177],"no":[178],"longer":[179],"needing":[180],"wait":[182],"weeks":[183],"or":[184,194,263,268,509],"months":[185],"printed":[187],"translated":[191],"into":[192],"Braille":[193],"audio":[195],"recording.":[196],"They":[197],"instantly":[199],"newspaper":[201],"articles,":[202],"reference":[203],"materials,":[204],"program":[205],"information,":[206],"product":[207],"prices":[208],"purchasing":[210],"options,":[211],"communication":[213],"associates":[215],"without":[216,501],"depending":[217],"assistance":[220],"others.":[222],"Those":[223],"confined":[224],"homes":[227],"shop":[229],"necessities,":[231],"others,":[234],"pursue":[235],"academic":[236],"degrees,":[237],"telecommute":[239],"Speech":[243],"recognition":[244],"other":[247,277],"alternative":[248,366],"input":[249],"devices":[250],"allow":[251],"those":[252,298,403,408],"mobility":[254,510],"bypass":[257],"standard":[259],"keyboard":[260],"mouse":[262],"pen,":[264],"informally":[267],"professionally":[269],"ease":[271],"(Brewer,":[272],"2001).":[273,515],"Yet":[274],"economic":[275,344],"factors":[278],"contribute":[279],"putting":[281],"disproportionately":[285],"wrong":[288],"side":[289],"digital":[292,350],"divide":[293],"this":[295],"country.":[296],"Additionally,":[297,473],"do":[303,455],"still":[311],"face":[312],"challenges":[313],"gaining":[314],"full":[315],"computing":[318],"resources":[319],"because":[320],"inaccessible":[323,525],"design":[324,352],"(Burgstahler,":[325],"2003;":[326],"Gunderson":[327],"Mendelson,":[329],"1997;":[330],"Rowan,":[331],"Gregor,":[332],"Sloan,":[333],"Booth,":[335],"Besides":[342],"issues":[345,543],"help":[347],"perpetuate":[348],"divide,":[351],"barriers":[353,396],"further":[354],"impede":[355],"equal":[356],"access.":[357],"Although":[358],"(e.g.,":[361],"text-to-speech":[362,442],"software,":[363,382],"speech":[364],"input,":[365],"keyboards)":[367],"means":[370],"most":[372,521],"computers,":[378],"Web":[379,420,474,492,522],"pages,":[380],"applications":[381,423],"tutorial":[384],"programs":[385,564],"often":[387],"designed":[388],"such":[390,458],"way":[392,460],"erect":[395],"both":[401],"using":[404,410],"not":[409,477],"them.":[411],"For":[412],"example,":[413],"blind":[417],"cannot":[418],"pages":[421],"software":[424,443],"graphic":[426],"images,":[427],"unless":[428],"content":[430],"within":[431],"these":[432],"images":[433],"is":[434],"also":[435],"provided":[436],"text-based":[439],"form":[440],"read":[445],"aloud.":[446],"In":[447],"addition,":[448],"some":[449],"include":[452,524],"accessibility":[453,542],"features":[454,526],"so":[456],"cumbersome":[464],"locate":[470],"use.":[472],"sites":[475,523],"always":[478],"efficient":[479],"easy":[481],"One":[488],"study":[489],"found":[490,519],"site":[493],"usability":[494],"was":[495],"three":[496],"times":[497],"when":[503],"compared":[504],"(Coyne":[512],"Nielson,":[514],"Many":[516],"studies":[517],"(Schmetzke,":[527],"2001;":[528],"Thompson,":[529],"Burgstahler":[530],"Comden,":[532],"2003).":[533],"Two":[534],"legal":[535],"statutes":[536],"raised":[538],"public":[539,563],"awareness":[540],"United":[546],"States.":[547],"The":[548],"Americans":[549],"Disabilities":[551],"Act":[552],"1990":[554],"(ADA)":[555],"prohibits":[556],"discrimination":[557],"against":[558],"services.":[566],"\u2026":[567]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}