{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099808334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","title":"The Effects Of Obesity, Smoking, And Drinking On Medical Problems And Costs","display_name":"The Effects Of Obesity, Smoking, And Drinking On Medical Problems And Costs","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099808334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","mag":"2099808334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11900166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109730280","display_name":"Roland Sturm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roland Sturm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic and Policy Research Program, UCLA/RAND Managed Care Center for Psychiatric Disorders, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic and Policy Research Program, UCLA/RAND Managed Care Center for Psychiatric Disorders, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109730280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":62.1818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":993,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99939701,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"245","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12066","display_name":"Obesity and Health Practices","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-drinking","display_name":"problem drinking","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.7810441851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7186503410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.6955177783966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6030881404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5584281086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5336129665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909321700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181600","display_name":"Outpatient visits","level":3,"score":0.512481689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775909303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Inpatient care","level":3,"score":0.48077481985092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36234673857688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006296","descriptor_name":"Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006305","descriptor_name":"Health Status Indicators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013995","descriptor_name":"Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017048","descriptor_name":"Health Care Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018434","descriptor_name":"Sickness Impact Profile","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11900166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11900166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39603680","https://openalex.org/W182937289","https://openalex.org/W1498057507","https://openalex.org/W1564305378","https://openalex.org/W1684647427","https://openalex.org/W1967039410","https://openalex.org/W1992793907","https://openalex.org/W2004876644","https://openalex.org/W2009196680","https://openalex.org/W2015918699","https://openalex.org/W2042629125","https://openalex.org/W2050169733","https://openalex.org/W2050359523","https://openalex.org/W2050899593","https://openalex.org/W2074819424","https://openalex.org/W2090895117","https://openalex.org/W2117289558","https://openalex.org/W2125848809","https://openalex.org/W2126217806","https://openalex.org/W2151766776","https://openalex.org/W2323202746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245256138","https://openalex.org/W3003826394","https://openalex.org/W2113887905","https://openalex.org/W2029584118","https://openalex.org/W177561463","https://openalex.org/W2012683919","https://openalex.org/W2801521340","https://openalex.org/W2016697851","https://openalex.org/W2009196680","https://openalex.org/W2311431600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"the":[3,27,42,52,103],"effects":[4,50,98],"of":[5,44],"obesity,":[6],"overweight,":[7],"smoking,":[8],"and":[9,16,65,68,83,86,96,118],"problem":[10,47,100],"drinking":[11],"on":[12,20],"health":[13,17,32,53,120],"care":[14],"use":[15],"status":[18],"based":[19],"national":[21],"survey":[22],"data.":[23],"Obesity":[24,55],"has":[25],"roughly":[26],"same":[28],"association":[29],"with":[30,58,76],"chronic":[31],"conditions":[33],"as":[34],"does":[35],"twenty":[36],"years'":[37],"aging;":[38],"this":[39],"greatly":[40],"exceeds":[41],"associations":[43],"smoking":[45],"or":[46],"drinking.":[48],"Utilization":[49],"mirrors":[51],"effects.":[54],"is":[56],"associated":[57],"a":[59,69,77,87],"36":[60],"percent":[61,71,79,89],"increase":[62,72,80,90],"in":[63,73,81,91,112,115],"inpatient":[64,82],"outpatient":[66,84],"spending":[67,85],"77":[70],"medications,":[74],"compared":[75],"21":[78],"28":[88],"medications":[92],"for":[93,99],"current":[94],"smokers":[95],"smaller":[97],"drinkers.":[101],"Nevertheless,":[102],"latter":[104],"two":[105],"groups":[106],"have":[107],"received":[108],"more":[109],"consistent":[110],"attention":[111],"recent":[113],"decades":[114],"clinical":[116],"practice":[117],"public":[119],"policy.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":55}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}