{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099799608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","title":"An Integrative Conflict Model of the Criminal Law Formation Process","display_name":"An Integrative Conflict Model of the Criminal Law Formation Process","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099799608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","mag":"2099799608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022427891028002004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173027916","display_name":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency","issn_l":"0022-4278","issn":["0022-4278","1552-731X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072995819","display_name":"Edmund F. McGarrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-2770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-2770"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EDMUND F. McGARRELL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Criminal Justice"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Criminal Justice","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057650042","display_name":"Thomas C. Castellano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS C. CASTELLANO","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":47.2765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9968542,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"174","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.3865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-theory","display_name":"conflict theory","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrative-model","display_name":"integrative model","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-policy","display_name":"criminal justice policy","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.8418974876403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.7132987976074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6760132312774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5897373557090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5332199335098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5302234292030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5202354192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4550131857395172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.44671744108200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3990496098995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.34069618582725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33242300152778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1767534613609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022427891028002004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427891028002004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173027916","display_name":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency","issn_l":"0022-4278","issn":["0022-4278","1552-731X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72590501","https://openalex.org/W148227327","https://openalex.org/W166705791","https://openalex.org/W208252275","https://openalex.org/W580320612","https://openalex.org/W593220232","https://openalex.org/W598643719","https://openalex.org/W601581462","https://openalex.org/W615682244","https://openalex.org/W1487279857","https://openalex.org/W1503973107","https://openalex.org/W1593410383","https://openalex.org/W1968052562","https://openalex.org/W1976575753","https://openalex.org/W1979419289","https://openalex.org/W1985884225","https://openalex.org/W1990869554","https://openalex.org/W1992382731","https://openalex.org/W1992547992","https://openalex.org/W1992761168","https://openalex.org/W2001033826","https://openalex.org/W2002838958","https://openalex.org/W2003835146","https://openalex.org/W2004877893","https://openalex.org/W2008519435","https://openalex.org/W2009201482","https://openalex.org/W2013123644","https://openalex.org/W2014594694","https://openalex.org/W2019677352","https://openalex.org/W2023300382","https://openalex.org/W2024729924","https://openalex.org/W2028394852","https://openalex.org/W2029135768","https://openalex.org/W2040593578","https://openalex.org/W2059730483","https://openalex.org/W2059798153","https://openalex.org/W2060777962","https://openalex.org/W2064395596","https://openalex.org/W2088311436","https://openalex.org/W2088411149","https://openalex.org/W2090255830","https://openalex.org/W2096677957","https://openalex.org/W2104400005","https://openalex.org/W2107084537","https://openalex.org/W2109873693","https://openalex.org/W2121818671","https://openalex.org/W2151038673","https://openalex.org/W2151213998","https://openalex.org/W2151621121","https://openalex.org/W2159328110","https://openalex.org/W2160224059","https://openalex.org/W2165474034","https://openalex.org/W2166135041","https://openalex.org/W2243606175","https://openalex.org/W2313128703","https://openalex.org/W2316444061","https://openalex.org/W2319619842","https://openalex.org/W2319829420","https://openalex.org/W2322531378","https://openalex.org/W2328557788","https://openalex.org/W2329127587","https://openalex.org/W2463050135","https://openalex.org/W2494267302","https://openalex.org/W2516415477","https://openalex.org/W2561516288","https://openalex.org/W2692846685","https://openalex.org/W2795976320","https://openalex.org/W2796025396","https://openalex.org/W2797321798","https://openalex.org/W2797643997","https://openalex.org/W2799124464","https://openalex.org/W2904990969","https://openalex.org/W2943064110","https://openalex.org/W2978245959","https://openalex.org/W3203957770","https://openalex.org/W4236829500","https://openalex.org/W4242270153","https://openalex.org/W4248320408","https://openalex.org/W4249553577","https://openalex.org/W4251577345","https://openalex.org/W4253039979","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301810980","https://openalex.org/W4301861858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106609804","https://openalex.org/W2905216211","https://openalex.org/W2796374187","https://openalex.org/W2387791434","https://openalex.org/W2390003802","https://openalex.org/W4404561753","https://openalex.org/W70675466","https://openalex.org/W2065993268","https://openalex.org/W4243055318","https://openalex.org/W7213593986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"article":[1],"reviews":[2],"traditional":[3],"theoretical":[4,17],"debates":[5],"on":[6,38,46],"the":[7,29,47,50,62],"criminal":[8],"law":[9],"formation":[10],"process":[11],"and":[12,33,52,61,68],"then":[13],"presents":[14],"an":[15,26],"integrative,":[16],"model":[18,23],"of":[19,28,31,55,66],"this":[20],"process.":[21],"suggests":[24],"that":[25],"understanding":[27],"origins":[30],"crime":[32,56,67],"justice":[34,69],"legislation":[35],"must":[36],"operate":[37],"three":[39],"analytical":[40],"levels.":[41],"These":[42],"levels":[43],"focus":[44],"attention":[45],"structural":[48],"foundations,":[49],"actual":[51],"perceived":[53],"experience":[54],"in":[57],"a":[58],"social":[59],"system,":[60],"immediate":[63],"triggering":[64],"events":[65],"legislation.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}