{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099757496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","title":"The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for DSM-5","display_name":"The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for DSM-5","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099757496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","mag":"2099757496","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21910185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/da.20753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192592622","display_name":"Depression and Anxiety","issn_l":"1091-4269","issn":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Depression and Anxiety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112165080","display_name":"Devon E. Hinton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Devon E. Hinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. devon_hinton@hms.harvard.edu","Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","Devon E. Hinton, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114","Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. devon_hinton@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Devon E. Hinton, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060039395","display_name":"Roberto Lewis\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York","Devon E. Hinton, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114","Roberto Lewis-Ferna\u0301ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032","Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Devon E. Hinton, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roberto Lewis-Ferna\u0301ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 3200 (Unit 69), New York, NY 10032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060039395","https://openalex.org/A5112165080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.4919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":534,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9955973,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"9","first_page":"783","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-validity","display_name":"cross-cultural validity","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm-5","display_name":"DSM-5","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm-iv-tr","display_name":"DSM-IV-TR","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-bound-syndromes","display_name":"culture-bound syndromes","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-response","display_name":"trauma response","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-symptoms","display_name":"somatic symptoms","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-syndromes","display_name":"cultural syndromes","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6996579766273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064664","display_name":"DSM-5","level":2,"score":0.6663770079612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.5840897560119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5751017332077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168646138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11578821","display_name":"Cross-cultural","level":2,"score":0.5181506872177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.4905988276004791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.47910454869270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90963130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6015484","display_name":"Incremental validity","level":4,"score":0.4271213412284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.42443016171455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.4125426411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.40578603744506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.31076446175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.2955443561077118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21705195307731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.10172984004020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003431","descriptor_name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004190","descriptor_name":"Disasters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004325","descriptor_name":"Dreams","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008016","descriptor_name":"Life Change Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018864","descriptor_name":"Cultural Diversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029181","descriptor_name":"Spirituality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039721","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/da.20753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192592622","display_name":"Depression and Anxiety","issn_l":"1091-4269","issn":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Depression and Anxiety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21910185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21910185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Depression and anxiety","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56115920","https://openalex.org/W69094004","https://openalex.org/W572236190","https://openalex.org/W578256761","https://openalex.org/W580628927","https://openalex.org/W600195712","https://openalex.org/W647830493","https://openalex.org/W1506160982","https://openalex.org/W1543827133","https://openalex.org/W1676181203","https://openalex.org/W1685085019","https://openalex.org/W1717820624","https://openalex.org/W1767561639","https://openalex.org/W1963908803","https://openalex.org/W1965272561","https://openalex.org/W1969247398","https://openalex.org/W1969458097","https://openalex.org/W1971945835","https://openalex.org/W1972016838","https://openalex.org/W1973076122","https://openalex.org/W1973954548","https://openalex.org/W1976841969","https://openalex.org/W1981390423","https://openalex.org/W1981416828","https://openalex.org/W1983984274","https://openalex.org/W1984788912","https://openalex.org/W1985661924","https://openalex.org/W1986187796","https://openalex.org/W1986619532","https://openalex.org/W1986779002","https://openalex.org/W1987029450","https://openalex.org/W1990780104","https://openalex.org/W1991101715","https://openalex.org/W1992998973","https://openalex.org/W1993732862","https://openalex.org/W1994769901","https://openalex.org/W1995878229","https://openalex.org/W1997241026","https://openalex.org/W1999027640","https://openalex.org/W2001122147","https://openalex.org/W2001539577","https://openalex.org/W2002693215","https://openalex.org/W2004104942","https://openalex.org/W2008845537","https://openalex.org/W2009545719","https://openalex.org/W2009557504","https://openalex.org/W2011160866","https://openalex.org/W2011721313","https://openalex.org/W2012453547","https://openalex.org/W2017582372","https://openalex.org/W2018237436","https://openalex.org/W2023729482","https://openalex.org/W2025868429","https://openalex.org/W2027985382","https://openalex.org/W2028557236","https://openalex.org/W2031928685","https://openalex.org/W2032170671","https://openalex.org/W2033254433","https://openalex.org/W2033577470","https://openalex.org/W2034163092","https://openalex.org/W2036713380","https://openalex.org/W2037572842","https://openalex.org/W2039216512","https://openalex.org/W2040632296","https://openalex.org/W2041228709","https://openalex.org/W2041269877","https://openalex.org/W2041763283","https://openalex.org/W2042468002","https://openalex.org/W2043210270","https://openalex.org/W2043513852","https://openalex.org/W2045408556","https://openalex.org/W2045761376","https://openalex.org/W2048259434","https://openalex.org/W2049176916","https://openalex.org/W2051000959","https://openalex.org/W2051192676","https://openalex.org/W2051795694","https://openalex.org/W2055896532","https://openalex.org/W2056275627","https://openalex.org/W2056468592","https://openalex.org/W2056846736","https://openalex.org/W2059045840","https://openalex.org/W2059772788","https://openalex.org/W2060863788","https://openalex.org/W2061165057","https://openalex.org/W2062218398","https://openalex.org/W2062229061","https://openalex.org/W2063839621","https://openalex.org/W2064013540","https://openalex.org/W2064022003","https://openalex.org/W2067036674","https://openalex.org/W2067165322","https://openalex.org/W2068381972","https://openalex.org/W2070350708","https://openalex.org/W2071719863","https://openalex.org/W2075553444","https://openalex.org/W2077457995","https://openalex.org/W2077563262","https://openalex.org/W2077906158","https://openalex.org/W2079348329","https://openalex.org/W2080232085","https://openalex.org/W2081719195","https://openalex.org/W2082317339","https://openalex.org/W2085443978","https://openalex.org/W2086657082","https://openalex.org/W2088869751","https://openalex.org/W2090118862","https://openalex.org/W2090299923","https://openalex.org/W2092356074","https://openalex.org/W2096499108","https://openalex.org/W2098103200","https://openalex.org/W2099973025","https://openalex.org/W2104190737","https://openalex.org/W2104552846","https://openalex.org/W2107519618","https://openalex.org/W2108295947","https://openalex.org/W2110746506","https://openalex.org/W2111161873","https://openalex.org/W2112055342","https://openalex.org/W2112136240","https://openalex.org/W2112619937","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2115904192","https://openalex.org/W2117241175","https://openalex.org/W2117880393","https://openalex.org/W2119471418","https://openalex.org/W2119594234","https://openalex.org/W2122304133","https://openalex.org/W2122470698","https://openalex.org/W2125268859","https://openalex.org/W2129676301","https://openalex.org/W2134920111","https://openalex.org/W2136115410","https://openalex.org/W2137086417","https://openalex.org/W2139303791","https://openalex.org/W2139491009","https://openalex.org/W2140594127","https://openalex.org/W2141256891","https://openalex.org/W2141518944","https://openalex.org/W2142658238","https://openalex.org/W2143035506","https://openalex.org/W2143768372","https://openalex.org/W2143835046","https://openalex.org/W2146140851","https://openalex.org/W2147496214","https://openalex.org/W2147539062","https://openalex.org/W2148716819","https://openalex.org/W2149583026","https://openalex.org/W2152018967","https://openalex.org/W2152928279","https://openalex.org/W2153488633","https://openalex.org/W2155495738","https://openalex.org/W2156006315","https://openalex.org/W2156375614","https://openalex.org/W2169648624","https://openalex.org/W2169778711","https://openalex.org/W2172224072","https://openalex.org/W2258572227","https://openalex.org/W2312505313","https://openalex.org/W2334889456","https://openalex.org/W2335482166","https://openalex.org/W2477539420","https://openalex.org/W2487013377","https://openalex.org/W2498786230","https://openalex.org/W2499902323","https://openalex.org/W2502069488","https://openalex.org/W2966762348","https://openalex.org/W3146836082","https://openalex.org/W4236751339","https://openalex.org/W4242982740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930959125","https://openalex.org/W2808438755","https://openalex.org/W4281888912","https://openalex.org/W2594850140","https://openalex.org/W4213260058","https://openalex.org/W2125442746","https://openalex.org/W3173459249","https://openalex.org/W7052036632","https://openalex.org/W1988555709","https://openalex.org/W2569464529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2],"considerable":[3],"debate":[4],"about":[5],"the":[6,10,21,32,49,72,88,92,100,109,125,130,136,139,148,157,165,185,188,201,209],"cross-cultural":[7,46,110,119,177,247],"applicability":[8,90,186],"of":[9,24,34,45,48,71,91,95,108,112,118,133,138,141,150,187,208,234],"posttraumatic":[11],"stress":[12],"disorder":[13,30],"(PTSD)":[14],"category":[15,230],"as":[16,26,52,164,197],"currently":[17],"specified.":[18],"Concerns":[19],"include":[20],"possible":[22,101],"status":[23],"PTSD":[25,50,96,113,221,229],"a":[27,205],"Western":[28],"culture-bound":[29],"and":[31,37,56,59,99,147,170,215,224,238],"validity":[33,47,111],"individual":[35],"items":[36,166],"criteria":[38,51,94,102],"thresholds.":[39],"This":[40,153],"review":[41,154],"examines":[42],"various":[43,232],"types":[44,233],"defined":[53],"in":[54,97,121,144,200,212],"DSM-IV-TR,":[55],"presents":[57],"options":[58],"preliminary":[60],"recommendations":[61],"to":[62,159,174,183,243],"be":[63,204],"considered":[64],"for":[65,103,127],"DSM-5.":[66,104],"METHODS:":[67],"Searches":[68],"were":[69],"conducted":[70],"mental":[73],"health":[74],"literature,":[75],"particularly":[76],"since":[77],"1994,":[78],"regarding":[79],"cultural-,":[80],"race-,":[81],"or":[82],"ethnicity-related":[83],"factors":[84],"that":[85,194,216],"might":[86],"limit":[87],"universal":[89],"diagnostic":[93],"DSM-IV-TR":[98,202,228],"RESULTS:":[105],"Substantial":[106],"evidence":[107,117],"was":[114],"found.":[115],"However,":[116],"variability":[120],"certain":[122,161,213],"areas":[123],"suggests":[124],"need":[126,158],"further":[128,244],"research:":[129],"relative":[131],"salience":[132,223],"avoidance/numbing":[134],"symptoms,":[135],"role":[137],"interpretation":[140],"trauma-caused":[142],"symptoms":[143],"shaping":[145],"symptomatology,":[146],"prevalence":[149],"somatic":[151],"symptoms.":[152],"also":[155],"indicates":[156],"modify":[160],"criteria,":[162],"such":[163],"on":[167,171],"distressing":[168],"dreams":[169],"foreshortened":[172],"future,":[173],"increase":[175,184],"their":[176],"applicability.":[178,248],"Text":[179],"additions":[180],"are":[181,241],"suggested":[182,242],"manual":[189],"across":[190],"cultural":[191,195],"contexts:":[192],"specifying":[193],"syndromes-such":[196],"those":[198,217],"indicated":[199],"Glossary-may":[203],"prominent":[206],"part":[207],"trauma":[210],"response":[211],"cultures,":[214],"syndromes":[218],"may":[219],"influence":[220],"symptom":[222],"comorbidity.":[225],"CONCLUSIONS:":[226],"The":[227],"demonstrates":[231],"validity.":[235],"Criteria":[236],"modification":[237],"textual":[239],"clarifications":[240],"improve":[245],"its":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}