{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099685405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","title":"Measuring the Structure of Road Networks","display_name":"Measuring the Structure of Road Networks","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099685405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","mag":"2099685405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159894308","display_name":"Geographical Analysis","issn_l":"0016-7363","issn":["0016-7363","1538-4632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geographical Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084766858","display_name":"David Matthew Levinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-2963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-2963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Levinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.1935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":368,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98849733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"336","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12483","display_name":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-network","display_name":"road network","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-networks","display_name":"spatial networks","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-heterogeneity","display_name":"network heterogeneity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectivity","display_name":"connectivity","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-transport-and-spatial-geography","display_name":"accessibility (transport and spatial geography)","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnectedness","display_name":"interconnectedness","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy-measures","display_name":"entropy measures","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection-patterns","display_name":"connection patterns","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-continuity","display_name":"network continuity","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-roads","display_name":"arterial roads","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-structural-evolution","display_name":"network structural evolution","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"urban planning","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.8414539694786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5957796573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5428232550621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5268551111221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43986812233924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.43149834871292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53471067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574076","display_name":"Spatial network","level":2,"score":0.4222475290298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22980502247810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20030733942985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159894308","display_name":"Geographical Analysis","issn_l":"0016-7363","issn":["0016-7363","1538-4632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geographical Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:conservancy.umn.edu:11299/179947","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/179947","pdf_url":"https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstreams/b6648aff-d16d-4849-9593-7cb761b0b3a0/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402521","display_name":"University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.145.4557","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.145.4557","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nexus.umn.edu/Papers/Topology.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.1560","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.1560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nexus.umn.edu/Papers/Topology.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3124135787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:nex:wpaper:topology","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nex:wpaper:topology","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/179947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3021375977","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/801244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306533224","display_name":"Transportation Research Board 86th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Board 86th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00707.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159894308","display_name":"Geographical Analysis","issn_l":"0016-7363","issn":["0016-7363","1538-4632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geographical Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099685405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099685405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115732042","https://openalex.org/W565770622","https://openalex.org/W567235500","https://openalex.org/W659636183","https://openalex.org/W947764739","https://openalex.org/W1479880431","https://openalex.org/W1493536023","https://openalex.org/W1517267863","https://openalex.org/W1574303240","https://openalex.org/W1591726561","https://openalex.org/W1596202346","https://openalex.org/W1975315047","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1999182332","https://openalex.org/W2018934112","https://openalex.org/W2026042206","https://openalex.org/W2031470047","https://openalex.org/W2041681134","https://openalex.org/W2059264939","https://openalex.org/W2059979424","https://openalex.org/W2076364994","https://openalex.org/W2082730252","https://openalex.org/W2088209891","https://openalex.org/W2105411649","https://openalex.org/W2142887429","https://openalex.org/W2144885342","https://openalex.org/W2148606196","https://openalex.org/W2153538747","https://openalex.org/W2159920185","https://openalex.org/W2160408459","https://openalex.org/W2167358596","https://openalex.org/W2169119484","https://openalex.org/W2187363439","https://openalex.org/W2314240464","https://openalex.org/W2329264753","https://openalex.org/W2588406822","https://openalex.org/W2590293277","https://openalex.org/W2769133055","https://openalex.org/W2778290364","https://openalex.org/W3123004861","https://openalex.org/W4297900742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6991257960","https://openalex.org/W2392083640","https://openalex.org/W20283408","https://openalex.org/W4401535111","https://openalex.org/W2134344449","https://openalex.org/W2891525546","https://openalex.org/W2911689021","https://openalex.org/W2369267638","https://openalex.org/W3196422525","https://openalex.org/W2901677398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"networks":[1,77,135,149],"display":[2],"both":[3],"topologic":[4],"and":[5,27,31,43,65,95,105,142,153,164],"geometric":[6],"variations":[7],"in":[8,150,161],"their":[9],"structure.":[10,20],"This":[11],"study":[12],"investigates":[13],"the":[14,72,82,98,112,118,129,145,151],"measurement":[15],"of":[16,23,39,75,84,89,100,109,114,120,132,148],"a":[17,115],"road":[18,76,134],"network":[19,116,140],"Existing":[21],"measures":[22,34,38,47,99,123,157],"heterogeneity,":[24],"connectivity,":[25],"accessibility,":[26],"interconnectivity":[28],"are":[29,35],"reviewed":[30],"three":[32],"supplemental":[33],"proposed,":[36],"including":[37],"entropy,":[40],"connection":[41,87],"patterns,":[42],"continuity.":[44],"The":[45,68],"proposed":[46],"were":[48,55],"applied":[49],"to":[50,127,137,143],"16":[51],"test":[52],"networks,":[53],"which":[54],"derived":[56],"from":[57,117],"four":[58],"idealized":[59],"base":[60],"networks:":[61],"90\u00b0,":[62],"45\u00b0,":[63],"30\u00b0,":[64],"completely":[66],"connected.":[67],"results":[69],"show":[70],"that":[71],"differentiated":[73],"structures":[74],"can":[78,92,158],"be":[79,93,125],"evaluated":[80],"by":[81,97],"measure":[83,108],"entropy;":[85],"predefined":[86],"patterns":[88],"arterial":[90],"roads":[91],"identified":[94],"quantified":[96],"ringness,":[101],"webness,":[102],"beltness,":[103],"circuitness,":[104],"treeness.":[106],"A":[107],"continuity":[110],"evaluates":[111],"quality":[113],"perspective":[119],"travelers.":[121],"Proposed":[122],"could":[124],"used":[126],"describe":[128],"structural":[130,146],"attributes":[131],"complicated":[133],"quantitatively,":[136],"compare":[138],"different":[139],"structures,":[141],"explore":[144],"evolution":[147],"spatial":[152],"temporal":[154],"context.":[155],"These":[156],"find":[159],"application":[160],"urban":[162],"planning":[163],"transportation":[165],"practice.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}