{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099149642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","title":"Incomplete Social Contracts","display_name":"Incomplete Social Contracts","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099149642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","mag":"2099149642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/154247603322256765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-pdf/1/1/38/10312842/jeea0038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165087003","display_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","issn_l":"1542-4766","issn":["1542-4766","1542-4774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-pdf/1/1/38/10312842/jeea0038.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084984675","display_name":"Philippe Aghion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-1677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-1677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Aghion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University and University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University and University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102899198","display_name":"Patrick G M Bolton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-553X","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8004-6002"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Bolton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University","Princeton University#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3540,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4668},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.9739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98879514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-contract","display_name":"social contract","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-voting","display_name":"majority voting","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unanimity-rule","display_name":"unanimity rule","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veil-of-ignorance","display_name":"veil of ignorance","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-decision-rules","display_name":"social decision rules","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deadweight-costs","display_name":"deadweight costs","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante-efficiency","display_name":"ex ante efficiency","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-protection","display_name":"minority protection","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42283928394317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4216029942035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33826518058776855}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/154247603322256765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-pdf/1/1/38/10312842/jeea0038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165087003","display_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","issn_l":"1542-4766","issn":["1542-4766","1542-4774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:openaire_cris_publications/56ab9ec9-bc26-451a-ae10-5c2cb7835570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/56ab9ec9-bc26-451a-ae10-5c2cb7835570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401490","display_name":"Research portal (Tilburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","host_organization_name":"Tilburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aghion, P & Bolton, P 2003, 'Incomplete social contracts', Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38-67.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hrv:faseco:4554123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4554123/aghion_incompletesocial.pdf","pdf_url":"http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4554123/aghion_incompletesocial.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.701.1404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.1404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/pbolton/PDFS/Incompl_Soc_Contracts.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.887.4907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.887.4907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17702/1/17702.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/4554123","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4554123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:uvt:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:publications/56ab9ec9-bc26-451a-ae10-5c2cb7835570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/56ab9ec9-bc26-451a-ae10-5c2cb7835570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(1), 38 - 67. Wiley-Blackwell","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3124939830","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/hrvfaseco/4554123.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:17702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17702/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association , 1 (1) pp. 38-67. (2003)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/154247603322256765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322256765","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-pdf/1/1/38/10312842/jeea0038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165087003","display_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","issn_l":"1542-4766","issn":["1542-4766","1542-4774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Economic Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099149642.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099149642.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511638158","https://openalex.org/W1522266559","https://openalex.org/W1531758582","https://openalex.org/W1580121557","https://openalex.org/W1584334447","https://openalex.org/W1983915274","https://openalex.org/W1994257371","https://openalex.org/W2014905132","https://openalex.org/W2043064774","https://openalex.org/W2055988336","https://openalex.org/W2068869385","https://openalex.org/W2089003389","https://openalex.org/W2127238399","https://openalex.org/W2316473956","https://openalex.org/W2326160034","https://openalex.org/W2611500418","https://openalex.org/W3121886422","https://openalex.org/W3123050514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032523302","https://openalex.org/W2233435610","https://openalex.org/W2080618980","https://openalex.org/W623829131","https://openalex.org/W2019092055","https://openalex.org/W2126922219","https://openalex.org/W1488238968","https://openalex.org/W2586210482","https://openalex.org/W2955684981","https://openalex.org/W7097998645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,38,47],"a":[2,21,28,52],"long":[3],"normative":[4,30],"\u2018Social":[5],"Contract\u2019":[6],"tradition":[7],"that":[8,15,40,78],"attempts":[9],"to":[10,18,32,49,75],"characterize":[11,33],"ex-post":[12,69],"income":[13],"inequalities":[14],"are":[16,72],"agreeable":[17],"all":[19],"\u2018behind":[20,51],"veil":[22,53],"of":[23,45,54,96],"ignorance.\u2019":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"takes":[27],"similar":[29],"approach":[31],"social":[34],"decision-making":[35],"procedures.":[36],"It":[37],"shown":[39],"quite":[41],"generally":[42],"some":[43],"form":[44],"majority-voting":[46],"preferred":[48],"unanimity":[50,67],"ignorance\u2019":[55],"whenever":[56],"society":[57],"faces":[58],"deadweight":[59],"costs":[60],"in":[61],"making":[62],"compensating":[63,83],"transfers.":[64,84],"Deviations":[65],"from":[66,101],"(or":[68],"Pareto":[70],"optimality)":[71],"ex-ante":[73],"efficient":[74],"the":[76,88,94],"extent":[77],"they":[79],"economize":[80],"on":[81],"costly":[82],"Put":[85],"another":[86],"way,":[87],"optimal":[89],"decision":[90],"rule":[91],"trades":[92],"off":[93],"benefits":[95],"minority":[97],"protection":[98],"and":[99],"those":[100],"greater":[102],"flexibility.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}