{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098992154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","title":"Wideband ultra-low noise cryogenic InP IF amplifiers for the Herschel mission radiometers","display_name":"Wideband ultra-low noise cryogenic InP IF amplifiers for the Herschel mission radiometers","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098992154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","mag":"2098992154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.459177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019705297","display_name":"I. L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152083","display_name":"Spanish National Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgm5090","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Lopez-Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110349613","display_name":"J. D. Gallego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-5127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-5127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152083","display_name":"Spanish National Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgm5090","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan D. Gallego-Puyol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carmen Diez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152083","display_name":"Spanish National Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgm5090","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Diez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alberto Barcia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152083","display_name":"Spanish National Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgm5090","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Barcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000774112","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Mart\u00edn-Pintado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-3508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-3508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152083","display_name":"Spanish National Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgm5090","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Martin-Pintado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152083"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95194725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4855","issue":null,"first_page":"489","last_page":"489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryogenic-low-noise-amplifier","display_name":"cryogenic low-noise amplifier","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herschel-space-observatory","display_name":"Herschel Space Observatory","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-temperature","display_name":"noise temperature","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain-stability","display_name":"gain stability","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband-amplifier","display_name":"wideband amplifier","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heb-mixer","display_name":"HEB mixer","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sis-mixer","display_name":"SIS mixer","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-qualification","display_name":"space qualification","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-consumption","display_name":"low power consumption","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7345701456069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.713835597038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6552140712738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5445650815963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52660251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083145","display_name":"Noise temperature","level":3,"score":0.5445417165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5138936042785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179725390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192116","display_name":"Cryogenics","level":2,"score":0.5030176043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.4476699233055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21028948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852212","display_name":"Bolometer","level":3,"score":0.437873512506485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43623948097229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.41934651136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.41542771458625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.25695890188217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2435312271118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.18772336840629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13281464576721191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12845781445503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.459177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480778913","https://openalex.org/W1779971589","https://openalex.org/W1969897194","https://openalex.org/W2069839551","https://openalex.org/W2098464921","https://openalex.org/W2115858654","https://openalex.org/W2149971377","https://openalex.org/W2150816670","https://openalex.org/W2169567071","https://openalex.org/W3009244152","https://openalex.org/W3217606140","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149750698","https://openalex.org/W4392187973","https://openalex.org/W74219038","https://openalex.org/W1984953790","https://openalex.org/W2093423390","https://openalex.org/W2060553091","https://openalex.org/W2158035835","https://openalex.org/W1975389390","https://openalex.org/W1991311928","https://openalex.org/W4409376995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11,66,115],"sub-millimeter":[1],"radiometers":[2],"of":[3,18,34,46,82,97,110,131,139,169],"the":[4,35,44,47,62,83,88,90,95,98,107,111,121,144,149,170],"Herschel":[5,112],"mission":[6],"have":[7],"very":[8,22],"stringent":[9],"requirements.":[10],"scientific":[12],"goals":[13],"require":[14],"an":[15,136],"instantaneous":[16],"bandwidth":[17],"four":[19],"GHz":[20,123],"with":[21,61,73,128],"low":[23,28,53],"noise,":[24],"flat":[25],"gain":[26,32,40,130,154],"and":[27,75,94,142],"power":[29,146],"dissipation.":[30],"Short-term":[31],"stability":[33],"amplifier":[36],"is":[37,56,125,172],"important,":[38],"because":[39],"fluctuations":[41,155],"could":[42],"limit":[43],"sensitivity":[45],"instrument.":[48,84],"Besides,":[49],"a":[50,129],"highly":[51],"reliable,":[52],"weight":[54],"unit":[55],"required":[57],"to":[58],"be":[59,69],"compatible":[60],"space":[63],"instrumentation":[64],"standards.":[65],"amplifiers":[67,99],"will":[68],"used":[70],"in":[71,78,120,173],"conjunction":[72],"HEB":[74],"SIS":[76],"mixers":[77],"all":[79],"7":[80],"channels":[81],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"describes":[87],"design,":[89],"special":[91],"construction":[92],"techniques":[93],"results":[96],"built":[100],"by":[101],"Centro":[102],"Astron\u00f3mico":[103],"de":[104],"Yebes":[105],"for":[106],"development":[108],"model":[109],"Heterodyne":[113],"Instrument.":[114],"average":[116],"noise":[117],"temperature":[118,138],"obtained":[119],"4-8":[122],"band":[124],"3.5":[126],"K,":[127],"27":[132],"\u00b11.1":[133],"dB":[134],"at":[135],"ambient":[137],"15":[140],"K":[141],"keeping":[143],"total":[145],"dissipation":[147],"below":[148],"allowed":[150],"4":[151],"mW.":[152],"Normalized":[153],"were":[156],"carefully":[157],"measured,":[158],"being":[159],"lower":[160],"than":[161],"1.5\u00b710-4":[162],"Hz-1/2":[163],"@":[164],"1":[165],"Hz.":[166],"Space":[167],"qualification":[168],"design":[171],"progress.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
