{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098801067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","title":"Immunocytochemical localization of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the zebrafish retina","display_name":"Immunocytochemical localization of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the zebrafish retina","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098801067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","mag":"2098801067","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10349969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0952523899163090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34730769","display_name":"Visual Neuroscience","issn_l":"0952-5238","issn":["0952-5238","1469-8714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024778277","display_name":"VICTORIA P. CONNAUGHTON","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-7299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-7299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.P. CONNAUGHTON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4066, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4066, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108489267","display_name":"Toby N. Behar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.N. BEHAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009363752","display_name":"W.-L. Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.-L.S. LIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Houston","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014796170","display_name":"Stephen C. Massey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-6031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-6031"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.C. MASSEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Houston","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82715302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"483","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.451200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11685","display_name":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zebrafish-retina","display_name":"zebrafish retina","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycine","display_name":"glycine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-neurotransmitter","display_name":"excitatory neurotransmitter","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-neurotransmitter","display_name":"inhibitory neurotransmitter","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamic-acid-decarboxylase","display_name":"glutamic acid decarboxylase","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad65","display_name":"GAD65","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad67","display_name":"GAD67","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-cells","display_name":"bipolar cells","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amacrine-cells","display_name":"amacrine cells","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-cells","display_name":"horizontal cells","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplexiform-cells","display_name":"interplexiform cells","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-plexiform-layer","display_name":"inner plexiform layer","score":0.9470000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4113797","display_name":"Inner plexiform layer","level":3,"score":0.8871710896492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.761577844619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9497952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419650","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase","level":3,"score":0.7171879410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778658801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452595","display_name":"Amacrine cell","level":3,"score":0.6979192495346069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780188069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4133186","display_name":"Ganglion cell layer","level":3,"score":0.5638576149940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5483298301696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.5400269031524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.516441822052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.5045169591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777585161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357246","display_name":"Outer plexiform layer","level":3,"score":0.4932076334953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.48177263140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4549235701560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4514831006526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776878037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169444","display_name":"Zebrafish","level":3,"score":0.41718384623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3727114200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2091197967529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005680","descriptor_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005968","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Decarboxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015027","descriptor_name":"Zebrafish","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0952523899163090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899163090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34730769","display_name":"Visual Neuroscience","issn_l":"0952-5238","issn":["0952-5238","1469-8714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10349969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10349969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1126027881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY06515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1484555822","display_name":"Core Grant for Vision Research","funder_award_id":"P30EY010608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2483410698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY-10608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G589194517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY06640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50878001","https://openalex.org/W205197550","https://openalex.org/W1499343644","https://openalex.org/W1558457242","https://openalex.org/W1572979490","https://openalex.org/W1588159686","https://openalex.org/W1966533577","https://openalex.org/W1968740148","https://openalex.org/W1971306287","https://openalex.org/W1988988517","https://openalex.org/W1999208340","https://openalex.org/W2003029394","https://openalex.org/W2004035417","https://openalex.org/W2005555630","https://openalex.org/W2008702360","https://openalex.org/W2013586680","https://openalex.org/W2017067141","https://openalex.org/W2022545162","https://openalex.org/W2026377076","https://openalex.org/W2027526745","https://openalex.org/W2038001186","https://openalex.org/W2040081736","https://openalex.org/W2043057314","https://openalex.org/W2066526224","https://openalex.org/W2067438800","https://openalex.org/W2068420002","https://openalex.org/W2070675609","https://openalex.org/W2080214516","https://openalex.org/W2087049364","https://openalex.org/W2087684861","https://openalex.org/W2088862815","https://openalex.org/W2092180725","https://openalex.org/W2092246706","https://openalex.org/W2093959776","https://openalex.org/W2095549811","https://openalex.org/W2098545170","https://openalex.org/W2103791788","https://openalex.org/W2104048581","https://openalex.org/W2112575189","https://openalex.org/W2159073370","https://openalex.org/W2159557945","https://openalex.org/W2161402616","https://openalex.org/W2162683877","https://openalex.org/W2163446267","https://openalex.org/W2165472303","https://openalex.org/W2191137794","https://openalex.org/W2922245225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027526745","https://openalex.org/W1603728931","https://openalex.org/W2412015502","https://openalex.org/W2114841735","https://openalex.org/W2080214516","https://openalex.org/W1973441751","https://openalex.org/W2043057314","https://openalex.org/W2003029394","https://openalex.org/W1763813107","https://openalex.org/W2034845337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,247],"patterns":[1,30,139],"of":[2,19,39,98,101,155,232,250,261,269],"glutamate,":[3,240],"gamma-aminobutyric":[4],"acid":[5,41],"(GABA),":[6],"and":[7,44,62,74,104,125,143,148,169,178,195,225,264],"glycine":[8,243],"distribution":[9,231,249],"in":[10,54,85,130,152,161,170,190,196,211,220,234,252],"the":[11,22,46,70,88,96,131,136,162,167,174,205,230,235,253,267],"zebrafish":[12,236,270],"retina":[13,237,255],"were":[14,31,79,127,145,150,181,202],"determined":[15],"using":[16,34],"immunocytochemical":[17],"localization":[18],"antisera":[20],"at":[21],"light-microscope":[23],"level.":[24],"observed":[26,53,137,151,189,219,248],"GABA":[27],"immunoreactivity":[28],"(GABA-IR)":[29],"further":[32],"characterized":[33,111],"antibodies":[35],"to":[36,215],"both":[37,176,197],"isoforms":[38],"glutamic":[40],"decarboxylase":[42],"(GAD65":[43],"GAD67),":[45],"synthetic":[47],"enzyme":[48],"for":[49,140,223,271,277],"GABA.":[50,226],"Glutamate-IR":[51],"was":[52,188],"all":[55],"retinal":[56,278],"layers":[57,86],"with":[58,207,258],"photoreceptors,":[59],"bipolar":[60,75],"cells,":[61,106,157,192,194],"ganglion":[63,163],"cells":[64,68,110,160],"prominently":[65],"labeled.":[66],"Bipolar":[67],"displayed":[69],"most":[71,128],"intense":[72,129],"glutamate-IR":[73],"cell":[76,164],"axon":[77,121],"terminals":[78,201],"clearly":[80],"identified":[81,203],"as":[82,244],"puncta":[83],"arranged":[84],"throughout":[87,166,204],"inner":[89,132,254],"plexiform":[90,198],"layer":[91],"(IPL).":[92],"These":[93],"findings":[94],"suggest":[95],"presence":[97],"multiple":[99],"subtypes":[100],"presumed":[102],"OFF-":[103],"ON-bipolar":[105,109],"including":[107],"some":[108],"by":[112],"a":[113,153,158,208],"single,":[114],"large":[115],"(9":[116],"microm":[117],"X":[118],"6":[119],"microm)":[120],"terminal.":[122],"GABA-,":[123],"GAD-,":[124],"glycine-IR":[126],"retina.":[133],"In":[134,173],"general,":[135],"labeling":[138],"GABA,":[141,241],"GAD65,":[142],"GAD67":[144],"similar.":[146],"GABA-":[147,177],"GAD-IR":[149,179],"population":[154],"amacrine":[156,191],"few":[159],"layer,":[165],"IPL,":[168,175,206],"horizontal":[171],"cells.":[172],"structures":[180],"organized":[182],"into":[183],"two":[184],"broad":[185],"bands.":[186],"Glycine-IR":[187],"interplexiform":[193],"layers.":[199],"Glycine-positive":[200],"prominent":[209],"band":[210],"sublamina":[212],"3":[213],"corresponding":[214],"an":[216],"immunonegative":[217],"region":[218],"sections":[221],"stained":[222],"GAD":[224],"Our":[227],"results":[228],"show":[229],"neurons":[233],"that":[238,266],"use":[239],"or":[242],"their":[245],"neurotransmitter.":[246],"neurotransmitters":[251],"is":[256],"consistent":[257],"previous":[259],"studies":[260,273],"other":[262],"vertebrates":[263],"suggests":[265],"advantages":[268],"developmental":[272],"may":[274],"be":[275],"exploited":[276],"studies.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}