{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098697496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","title":"Error-prone polymerization by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Contribution of template-primer misalignment, miscoding, and termination probability to mutational hot spots","display_name":"Error-prone polymerization by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Contribution of template-primer misalignment, miscoding, and termination probability to mutational hot spots","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098697496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","mag":"2098697496","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7683675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140251998","display_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","issn_l":"0021-9258","issn":["0021-9258","1067-8816","1083-351X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088985122","display_name":"Katarzyna B\u0119benek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-7992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-7992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095140","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Bebenek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008514234","display_name":"John Abbotts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095140","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Abbotts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045523035","display_name":"Samuel H. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-5293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-5293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095140","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.H. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054055369","display_name":"Thomas A. Kunkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-1788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-1788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095140","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.A. Kunkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3430},"apc_paid":{"value":3430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3430},"fwci":12.2127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98728534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"268","issue":"14","first_page":"10324","last_page":"10334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.35280001163482666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.35280001163482666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10432","display_name":"DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry","score":0.16300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.15929999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-reverse-transcriptase","display_name":"HIV-1 reverse transcriptase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation-hotspots","display_name":"mutational hotspots","score":0.9539999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156719811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28774","display_name":"Reverse transcriptase","level":4,"score":0.8127397298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777563447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","level":2,"score":0.7275627851486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.6442970037460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.45959457755088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.39055028557777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3288494944572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32785576581954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.32039880752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.27633416652679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2663613557815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.20515885949134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.08459249138832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07217523455619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005815","descriptor_name":"Genetic Code","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012194","descriptor_name":"RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012194","descriptor_name":"RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013698","descriptor_name":"Templates, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054303","descriptor_name":"HIV Reverse Transcriptase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140251998","display_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","issn_l":"0021-9258","issn":["0021-9258","1067-8816","1083-351X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7683675","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7683675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of biological chemistry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82205-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140251998","display_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","issn_l":"0021-9258","issn":["0021-9258","1067-8816","1083-351X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322672979","https://openalex.org/W6826861685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487143054","https://openalex.org/W2029114884","https://openalex.org/W1975173424","https://openalex.org/W2053219117","https://openalex.org/W2019931499","https://openalex.org/W2065740427","https://openalex.org/W1415059029","https://openalex.org/W1968937894","https://openalex.org/W2090126383","https://openalex.org/W6888459114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,29],"have":[1,30,63,107],"observed":[2],"previously":[3],"that":[4,104,128,140,158,241],"DNA":[5,268],"template-directed":[6],"polymerization":[7],"by":[8,168,187,270],"the":[9,96,102,149,169,175,190,193,199,205,216,239,249,260,264],"type":[10,112],"1":[11,113],"human":[12,109],"immunodeficiency":[13,110],"virus":[14,111],"reverse":[15,115,243,272],"transcriptase":[16,116,244],"is":[17],"error-prone":[18],"for":[19,76,84,256],"single-nucleotide":[20,91,129,196],"substitution,":[21],"addition":[22],"and":[23,51,79,81,100,121,139,144,203,221,228,263],"deletion":[24,77,130],"errors":[25,69,131,161],"at":[26,38,70,162,182],"homopolymeric":[27,97,133,183],"sequences.":[28],"also":[31,156],"noted":[32],"strong":[33],"termination":[34,122],"of":[35,174,230,266],"processive":[36,246],"synthesis":[37,247,269],"these":[39,71,105,231],"positions":[40],"(Bebenek,":[41],"K.,":[42],"Abbotts,":[43],"J.,":[44],"Roberts,":[45],"J.":[46,56],"D.,":[47],"Wilson,":[48],"S.":[49],"H.,":[50],"Kunkel,":[52],"T.":[53],"A.":[54],"(1989)":[55],"Biol.":[57],"Chem.":[58],"264,":[59],"16948-16956).":[60],"Here":[61],"we":[62],"tested":[64],"three":[65],"models":[66],"to":[67,148],"explain":[68],"hot":[72,98,152,217],"spots:":[73],"template-primer":[74,137,145],"misalignment":[75,138],"errors,":[78],"dislocation":[80,146],"direct":[82,142],"miscoding":[83,143],"substitution":[85,151,160],"errors.":[86],"The":[87,124,154],"approach":[88],"involves":[89],"introducing":[90],"changes":[92,106,188],"within":[93,248],"or":[94,172,236],"flanking":[95,192],"spots":[99],"examining":[101],"effects":[103],"on":[108],"(HIV-1)":[114],"error":[117,119,180],"rate,":[118],"specificity,":[120],"probability.":[123],"results":[125],"obtained":[126],"suggest":[127,157],"in":[132,189,198,204,223,238],"runs":[134],"result":[135],"from":[136,215],"both":[141],"contribute":[147],"base":[150,159],"spots.":[153],"data":[155,252],"one":[163],"position":[164],"can":[165],"be":[166],"templated":[167],"preceding":[170],"nucleotide":[171],"either":[173],"next":[176],"two":[177],"nucleotides.":[178],"Frameshift":[179],"rates":[181],"sites":[184],"were":[185,226],"affected":[186],"sequences":[191],"runs,":[194],"including":[195],"differences":[197],"single-stranded":[200],"template":[201],"strand":[202],"double-stranded":[206],"primer":[207],"region":[208],"as":[209,211],"many":[210],"six":[212],"nucleotides":[213],"distant":[214],"spot.":[218],"Both":[219],"increases":[220,235],"decreases":[222,237],"frameshift":[224,261],"fidelity":[225,262],"observed,":[227],"most":[229],"correlated":[232],"with":[233],"concomitant":[234],"probability":[240],"HIV-1":[242,271],"terminated":[245],"run.":[250],"These":[251],"provide":[253],"further":[254],"support":[255],"a":[257],"relationship":[258],"between":[259],"processivity":[265],"DNA-dependent":[267],"transcriptase.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}