{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098689751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","title":"Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention","display_name":"Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098689751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","mag":"2098689751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086340716","display_name":"Goran Bjelakovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-9945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-9945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802567020","display_name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05bpbnx46","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139775","display_name":"Cochrane","ror":"https://ror.org/048ztsn21","country_code":"DK","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goran Bjelakovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. goranb@junis.ni.ac.yu","The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. goranb@junis.ni.ac.yu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015509624","display_name":"Dimitrinka Nikolova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-6762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-6762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173654999","display_name":"American Medical Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03p6gt485","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173654999"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrinka Nikolova","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Medical Association"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Medical Association","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173654999"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375523","display_name":"Lise Lotte Gluud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-4468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-4468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lise Lotte Gluud","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ni\u0161"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ni\u0161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018573990","display_name":"Rosa Giovanna Simonetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-5367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-5367"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa G. Simonetti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019275846","display_name":"Christian Nyfeldt Gluud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-0799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-0799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Gluud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2291,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"297","issue":"8","first_page":"842","last_page":"842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12554","display_name":"Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11107","display_name":"Selenium in Biological Systems","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-supplements","display_name":"antioxidant supplements","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-carotene","display_name":"beta-carotene","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a","display_name":"vitamin A","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-e","display_name":"vitamin E","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-prevention","display_name":"primary prevention","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-prevention","display_name":"secondary prevention","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-bias","display_name":"trial bias","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium-toxicity","display_name":"selenium toxicity","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a-toxicity","display_name":"vitamin A toxicity","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c-toxicity","display_name":"vitamin C toxicity","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin A deficiency","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c-deficiency","display_name":"scurvy","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium-deficiency","display_name":"selenium deficiency","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9216177463531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.7854648232460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6640805006027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.561808168888092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5503230094909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5345496535301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.5191789865493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5141723155975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4802701473236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.47044816613197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2771230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926699","display_name":"Blinding","level":3,"score":0.4617936611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780439572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364","display_name":"Publication bias","level":3,"score":0.4504745900630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141180","display_name":"Vitamin E","level":3,"score":0.44373011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.3713510036468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07754835486412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.057680606842041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.04826715588569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012643","descriptor_name":"Selenium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014801","descriptor_name":"Vitamin A","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014810","descriptor_name":"Vitamin E","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019207","descriptor_name":"beta Carotene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17327526","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29668412","https://openalex.org/W1511602030","https://openalex.org/W1515862784","https://openalex.org/W1556410020","https://openalex.org/W1562213804","https://openalex.org/W1566419077","https://openalex.org/W1597966001","https://openalex.org/W1598602811","https://openalex.org/W1600041372","https://openalex.org/W1678920698","https://openalex.org/W1922087192","https://openalex.org/W1937563855","https://openalex.org/W1964435302","https://openalex.org/W1964489041","https://openalex.org/W1965336187","https://openalex.org/W1967026165","https://openalex.org/W1972566357","https://openalex.org/W1973362420","https://openalex.org/W1980242332","https://openalex.org/W1981716514","https://openalex.org/W1984102716","https://openalex.org/W1984370245","https://openalex.org/W1992275395","https://openalex.org/W1994151990","https://openalex.org/W1995538262","https://openalex.org/W1995580618","https://openalex.org/W1995731966","https://openalex.org/W2000016536","https://openalex.org/W2002956860","https://openalex.org/W2003471941","https://openalex.org/W2005983719","https://openalex.org/W2006688301","https://openalex.org/W2010931462","https://openalex.org/W2011932878","https://openalex.org/W2015783029","https://openalex.org/W2023939312","https://openalex.org/W2026868675","https://openalex.org/W2028015946","https://openalex.org/W2028538822","https://openalex.org/W2029118029","https://openalex.org/W2029614296","https://openalex.org/W2029701267","https://openalex.org/W2036738441","https://openalex.org/W2039155396","https://openalex.org/W2040923416","https://openalex.org/W2042103706","https://openalex.org/W2044916790","https://openalex.org/W2046243346","https://openalex.org/W2046557037","https://openalex.org/W2046991199","https://openalex.org/W2048558766","https://openalex.org/W2049822863","https://openalex.org/W2051500896","https://openalex.org/W2052141603","https://openalex.org/W2058998686","https://openalex.org/W2062234473","https://openalex.org/W2062502442","https://openalex.org/W2062955140","https://openalex.org/W2063166332","https://openalex.org/W2067171545","https://openalex.org/W2068241400","https://openalex.org/W2068760897","https://openalex.org/W2069229530","https://openalex.org/W2071340906","https://openalex.org/W2075638063","https://openalex.org/W2076250043","https://openalex.org/W2076255265","https://openalex.org/W2086095339","https://openalex.org/W2086148792","https://openalex.org/W2090353070","https://openalex.org/W2092563261","https://openalex.org/W2097867305","https://openalex.org/W2100146798","https://openalex.org/W2104406460","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2107820540","https://openalex.org/W2109561305","https://openalex.org/W2112137558","https://openalex.org/W2113357341","https://openalex.org/W2117294447","https://openalex.org/W2121261155","https://openalex.org/W2121608218","https://openalex.org/W2122938874","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2127765911","https://openalex.org/W2128076015","https://openalex.org/W2128178740","https://openalex.org/W2132119356","https://openalex.org/W2134338262","https://openalex.org/W2134924827","https://openalex.org/W2135825792","https://openalex.org/W2137543722","https://openalex.org/W2138131709","https://openalex.org/W2139221310","https://openalex.org/W2142697870","https://openalex.org/W2143967588","https://openalex.org/W2144628456","https://openalex.org/W2146001292","https://openalex.org/W2146602272","https://openalex.org/W2147450860","https://openalex.org/W2147853742","https://openalex.org/W2148125367","https://openalex.org/W2149113393","https://openalex.org/W2150217973","https://openalex.org/W2152912247","https://openalex.org/W2153281249","https://openalex.org/W2154283765","https://openalex.org/W2156669022","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2158574195","https://openalex.org/W2161427454","https://openalex.org/W2162301176","https://openalex.org/W2163174380","https://openalex.org/W2163304772","https://openalex.org/W2164471424","https://openalex.org/W2165966968","https://openalex.org/W2166871111","https://openalex.org/W2166975295","https://openalex.org/W2170340134","https://openalex.org/W2170952317","https://openalex.org/W2180470224","https://openalex.org/W2192223169","https://openalex.org/W2209432090","https://openalex.org/W2214291492","https://openalex.org/W2264299735","https://openalex.org/W2313686482","https://openalex.org/W2315403385","https://openalex.org/W2326200998","https://openalex.org/W2339913251","https://openalex.org/W2343737837","https://openalex.org/W2465691921","https://openalex.org/W2496470675","https://openalex.org/W2597267452","https://openalex.org/W2598520882","https://openalex.org/W3035123649","https://openalex.org/W4229847936","https://openalex.org/W4231447683","https://openalex.org/W4237525598","https://openalex.org/W4244579655","https://openalex.org/W4245684785","https://openalex.org/W4247931502","https://openalex.org/W4249686746","https://openalex.org/W4249999102","https://openalex.org/W4253221308","https://openalex.org/W4255171563","https://openalex.org/W4388771397","https://openalex.org/W6693279809","https://openalex.org/W6719228578","https://openalex.org/W7008881725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240232053","https://openalex.org/W2397848141","https://openalex.org/W7099786506","https://openalex.org/W2081764095","https://openalex.org/W1981864679","https://openalex.org/W2110211015","https://openalex.org/W2002956860","https://openalex.org/W1973641158","https://openalex.org/W2463938454","https://openalex.org/W2312993418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"Antioxidant":[1],"supplements":[2,17,92,148,199],"are":[3],"used":[4,114],"for":[5],"prevention":[6,25],"of":[7,15,82,90,119,146,214,271],"several":[8],"diseases.":[9],"OBJECTIVE:":[10],"To":[11],"assess":[12,116],"the":[13,85,117,122,197],"effect":[14,89,118,156,252],"antioxidant":[16,91,147,198],"on":[18,93,157,253,276],"mortality":[19,95,158,202,277],"in":[20,72,84],"randomized":[21,43,129],"primary":[22],"and":[23,36,58,77,101,142,177,231,247,262,274],"secondary":[24],"trials.":[26,87,123],"DATA":[27,124,137],"SOURCES":[28],"AND":[29],"TRIAL":[30],"SELECTION:":[31],"We":[32,126],"searched":[33],"electronic":[34],"databases":[35],"bibliographies":[37],"published":[38],"by":[39],"October":[40],"2005.":[41],"All":[42],"trials":[44,130,145,171,192],"involving":[45],"adults":[46],"comparing":[47],"beta":[48,217,258],"carotene,":[49,259],"vitamin":[50,52,56,224,232,260,263,272],"A,":[51,261],"C":[53,246,273],"(ascorbic":[54],"acid),":[55],"E,":[57],"selenium":[59,178,215,248,275],"either":[60],"singly":[61,239],"or":[62,66,240],"combined":[63],"vs":[64,67],"placebo":[65],"no":[68,154,250],"intervention":[69],"were":[70,79,149,184],"included":[71,86,127],"our":[73],"analysis.":[74],"Randomization,":[75],"blinding,":[76],"follow-up":[78],"considered":[80],"markers":[81],"bias":[83],"The":[88,268],"all-cause":[94],"was":[96,113,153],"analyzed":[97],"with":[98,107,131,187,193,257],"random-effects":[99],"meta-analyses":[100],"reported":[102],"as":[103],"relative":[104],"risk":[105,144,170,210],"(RR)":[106],"95%":[108,161,174,181,205,221,228,236],"confidence":[109],"intervals":[110],"(CIs).":[111],"Meta-regression":[112],"to":[115],"covariates":[120],"across":[121],"EXTRACTION:":[125],"68":[128],"232":[132],"606":[133],"participants":[134],"(385":[135],"publications).":[136],"SYNTHESIS:":[138],"When":[139],"all":[140],"low-":[141],"high-bias":[143],"pooled":[150],"together":[151],"there":[152],"significant":[155,251],"(RR,":[159,172,179,203,219,226,234],"1.02;":[160],"CI,":[162,175,182,206,222,229,237],"0.98-1.06).":[163],"Multivariate":[164],"meta-regression":[165],"analyses":[166],"showed":[167],"that":[168],"low-bias":[169,191,209],"1.16;":[173,227],"1.04[corrected]-1.29)":[176],"0.998;":[180],"0.997-0.9995)":[183],"significantly":[185,200,242],"associated":[186],"mortality.":[188,244,254,267],"In":[189,208],"47":[190],"180":[194],"938":[195],"participants,":[196],"increased":[201,243],"1.05;":[204],"1.02-1.08).":[207],"trials,":[211,216],"after":[212],"exclusion":[213],"carotene":[218],"1.07;":[220],"1.02-1.11),":[223],"A":[225],"1.10-1.24),":[230],"E":[233,264],"1.04;":[235],"1.01-1.07),":[238],"combined,":[241],"Vitamin":[245],"had":[249],"CONCLUSIONS:":[255],"Treatment":[256],"may":[265],"increase":[266],"potential":[269],"roles":[270],"need":[278],"further":[279],"study.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":115},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":164},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":186}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}