{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098526413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","title":"Prototype tests for the ALICE TRD","display_name":"Prototype tests for the ALICE TRD","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098526413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","mag":"2098526413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/23.958762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14279044","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","issn_l":"0018-9499","issn":["0018-9499","1558-1578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-ex/0102017","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009183570","display_name":"A. Andronic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-6117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-6117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Andronic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019486663","display_name":"C. Blume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-3465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-3465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Blume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034416892","display_name":"P. Braun\u2010Munzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-0720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-0720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Braun-Munzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053383264","display_name":"H. Daues","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Daues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052473421","display_name":"A. Devismes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Devismes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041960594","display_name":"C. Finck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-5453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-5453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ch. Finck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. Schulze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Schulze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043057958","display_name":"S. Sedykh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sedykh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111077834","display_name":"R.S. Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.S. Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085922198","display_name":"Ernst H. K. Stelzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-0736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-0736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169556180","display_name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02k8cbn47","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Stelzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169556180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053788395","display_name":"H. Appelsh\u00e4user","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-7671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-7671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Appelshauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101673245","display_name":"N. Herrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0970-2968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0970-2968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Herrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005201526","display_name":"T. Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-6619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-6619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038891043","display_name":"A. Reischl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Reischl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107874862","display_name":"Johanna Stachel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-6664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-6664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Stachel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053550320","display_name":"J. P. Wessels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-286X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-286X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wessels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023951844","display_name":"Bernd Stefan Windelband","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2759-5453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2759-5453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Windelband","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113091205","display_name":"C. Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111988653","display_name":"Vasile Catanescu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092312","display_name":"Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00d3pnh21","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Catanescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058003055","display_name":"M. Ciobanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-199X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-199X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092312","display_name":"Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00d3pnh21","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ciobanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103797067","display_name":"M. Petrovici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-6955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-6955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092312","display_name":"Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00d3pnh21","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Petrovici","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIPNE Bucharest, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082201857","display_name":"Tim A. Lister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-7769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-7769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Lister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114378186","display_name":"T. Peitzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-899X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-899X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-3336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Peitzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107882286","display_name":"Klaus Johannes Reygers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Reygers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107855244","display_name":"R. Santo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Santo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"O. Winkelmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Winkelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Universit\u00e4t Munster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82399133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"1259","last_page":"1264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-radiation-detector","display_name":"transition radiation detector","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice-experiment","display_name":"ALICE experiment","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-identification","display_name":"electron identification","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pion-rejection","display_name":"pion rejection","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitating-factors","display_name":"precipitating factors","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prototype-testing","display_name":"prototype testing","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foil","display_name":"foil","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibers","display_name":"fibers","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foams","display_name":"foams","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-hadron-collider","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","score":0.9589999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.8834930658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7892613410949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136926","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7603484392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.6361067891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63034144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163026","display_name":"Radiator (engine cooling)","level":2,"score":0.5571632385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152290109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033879","display_name":"Collider","level":2,"score":0.5338925719261169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5073203444480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206094082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4097","display_name":"Pion","level":2,"score":0.4503145217895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.43036895990371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780117330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192186","display_name":"Superconducting Super Collider","level":4,"score":0.42435422539711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4227806329727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189166818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130825","display_name":"Particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.3281174302101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16794079542160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14179924130439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13944613933563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09037408232688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/23.958762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14279044","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","issn_l":"0018-9499","issn":["0018-9499","1558-1578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:nucl-ex/0102017","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0102017","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-ex/0102017","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.183.4066","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.183.4066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gsi.de/annrep2002/files/218.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:489031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/489031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/180783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/180783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055187","display_name":"GRO","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0102017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0102017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0102017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:nucl-ex/0102017","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0102017","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-ex/0102017","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098526413.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098526413.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988821841","https://openalex.org/W1999406979","https://openalex.org/W2002195188","https://openalex.org/W2014387835","https://openalex.org/W2029289800","https://openalex.org/W2031933620","https://openalex.org/W2039204277","https://openalex.org/W2043724464","https://openalex.org/W2043998161","https://openalex.org/W2060437341","https://openalex.org/W2061088288","https://openalex.org/W2064871932","https://openalex.org/W2089156950","https://openalex.org/W2102545646","https://openalex.org/W2112457024","https://openalex.org/W2156078880","https://openalex.org/W2179077851","https://openalex.org/W4231238892","https://openalex.org/W4239952476","https://openalex.org/W4251953943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100292266","https://openalex.org/W2105067700","https://openalex.org/W7005209719","https://openalex.org/W2021226813","https://openalex.org/W2024187743","https://openalex.org/W2093222045","https://openalex.org/W2756672330","https://openalex.org/W7015386098","https://openalex.org/W7099447492","https://openalex.org/W7026535132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"transition":[1],"radiation":[2],"detector":[3],"(TRD)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"designed":[7],"to":[8,53],"improve":[9],"the":[10,17,21,37,58],"electron":[11],"identification":[12],"and":[13,68],"trigger":[14],"capability":[15],"of":[16,33,36,45,60,65],"ALICE":[18],"experiment":[19],"at":[20,26],"Large":[22],"Hadron":[23],"Collider":[24],"(LHC)":[25],"CERN.":[27],"We":[28,56],"present":[29],"results":[30],"from":[31,51],"tests":[32],"a":[34,48],"prototype":[35],"TRD":[38],"concerning":[39],"pion":[40],"rejection":[41],"for":[42],"different":[43,61],"methods":[44],"analysis":[46],"over":[47],"momentum":[49],"range":[50],"0.7":[52],"2":[54],"GeV/c.":[55],"investigate":[57],"performance":[59],"radiator":[62],"types,":[63],"composed":[64],"foils,":[66],"fibers":[67],"foams.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
