{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098505258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","title":"\u2018The spirit of capitalism\u2019 and long-run growth","display_name":"\u2018The spirit of capitalism\u2019 and long-run growth","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098505258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","mag":"2098505258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100134864","display_name":"European Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0176-2680","issn":["0176-2680","1873-5703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://down.aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004483876","display_name":"Heng\u2010Fu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-1030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-1030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng-fu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department, The World Bank, Room N10-075, 1818 H St. N.W., Washington, DC 20433, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department, The World Bank, Room N10-075, 1818 H St. N.W., Washington, DC 20433, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004483876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":197,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97040929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"279","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirit-of-capitalism","display_name":"spirit of capitalism","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-economic-growth","display_name":"long-run economic growth","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-consumption","display_name":"per capita consumption","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-stock","display_name":"capital stock","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adam-smith","display_name":"Adam Smith","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karl-marx","display_name":"Karl Marx","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/max-weber","display_name":"Max Weber","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-maynard-keynes","display_name":"John Maynard Keynes","score":0.9649999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514928085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206","display_name":"Capitalism","level":3,"score":0.7601531744003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7118886113166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.6815618276596069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.6114848256111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5893233418464661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190430219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576355","display_name":"Endogenous growth theory","level":3,"score":0.5676791667938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4291473627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.417431503534317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.4150773584842682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.23818400502204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.19711431860923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.15630188584327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14321985840797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12074244022369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.09374886751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08215036988258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90020-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100134864","display_name":"European Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0176-2680","issn":["0176-2680","1873-5703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cuf:wpaper:94","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://down.aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","pdf_url":"http://down.aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001011915/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001011915/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.817.8532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.817.8532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001011915/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:poleco:v:10:y:1994:i:2:p:279-293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0176-2680(94)90020-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2098505258","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cuf:wpaper:94","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://down.aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","pdf_url":"http://down.aefweb.net/WorkingPapers/w94.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098505258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098505258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75413730","https://openalex.org/W1513838681","https://openalex.org/W1522139711","https://openalex.org/W1601223223","https://openalex.org/W1963883253","https://openalex.org/W1994700887","https://openalex.org/W2001293153","https://openalex.org/W2019106782","https://openalex.org/W2028986970","https://openalex.org/W2036231831","https://openalex.org/W2053592052","https://openalex.org/W2064061280","https://openalex.org/W2077442747","https://openalex.org/W2097317967","https://openalex.org/W2098505258","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2099836245","https://openalex.org/W2123392156","https://openalex.org/W2124466058","https://openalex.org/W2168605160","https://openalex.org/W2318983245","https://openalex.org/W2497142532","https://openalex.org/W2784825759","https://openalex.org/W3122611856","https://openalex.org/W3125066721","https://openalex.org/W3145284555","https://openalex.org/W6630923380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095955110","https://openalex.org/W4414953379","https://openalex.org/W7113464068","https://openalex.org/W1554250270","https://openalex.org/W4405178915","https://openalex.org/W6996610787","https://openalex.org/W2786615362","https://openalex.org/W3092693453","https://openalex.org/W2298164786","https://openalex.org/W1524160773"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}