{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098355199","doi":null,"title":"Using the Forest to See the Trees: A Graphical Model Relating Features, Objects, and Scenes","display_name":"Using the Forest to See the Trees: A Graphical Model Relating Features, Objects, and Scenes","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098355199","mag":"2098355199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.10.1380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.1380","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.mit.edu/torralba/www/nips2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002713363","display_name":"Kevin P. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-7236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-7236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-7236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085020955","display_name":"Antonio B. Torralba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-0256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-0256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Torralba","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-0256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074429265","display_name":"William T. Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-7995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-7995","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-4007","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-2500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William T. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-7995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.9731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":312,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99330217,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1499","last_page":"1506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.290800005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.03440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-classification","display_name":"scene classification","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-context","display_name":"scene context","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-fields","display_name":"conditional random fields","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-graphical-models","display_name":"probabilistic graphical models","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-context","display_name":"global context","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.7813840508460999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7424477934837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7170217037200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.684557318687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6620464324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6532275676727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6261793375015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5705126523971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5606517791748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5121042728424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.5076993703842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46380022168159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4445372223854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42829248309135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1704927384853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13205838203430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.10.1380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.1380","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.mit.edu/torralba/www/nips2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.208.5466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.208.5466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/brain-and-cognitive-sciences/9-459-scene-understanding-symposium-spring-2006/readings/1350paper2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.9.3505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.9.3505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://books.nips.cc/papers/files/nips16/NIPS2003_VM02.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2098355199","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cnbc.cmu.edu/cns/papers/murphy.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606243","display_name":"neural information processing systems","issn_l":"1049-5258","issn":["1049-5258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Information Processing Systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568057840","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1662558206","https://openalex.org/W1666447063","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1934863104","https://openalex.org/W1958762911","https://openalex.org/W1971453138","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2040271314","https://openalex.org/W2043889640","https://openalex.org/W2049571782","https://openalex.org/W2053463056","https://openalex.org/W2066380143","https://openalex.org/W2074701880","https://openalex.org/W2085207288","https://openalex.org/W2115135404","https://openalex.org/W2115763357","https://openalex.org/W2123977795","https://openalex.org/W2124189704","https://openalex.org/W2128554449","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2151709124","https://openalex.org/W2154422044","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2160225842","https://openalex.org/W2160367227","https://openalex.org/W2163490908","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166761907","https://openalex.org/W2167034998","https://openalex.org/W2167131693","https://openalex.org/W2168020168","https://openalex.org/W2171140863","https://openalex.org/W2962735828","https://openalex.org/W3097096317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096468054","https://openalex.org/W7097530054","https://openalex.org/W2107640784","https://openalex.org/W1869607107","https://openalex.org/W1536157592","https://openalex.org/W7095353618","https://openalex.org/W7095251125","https://openalex.org/W1972444519","https://openalex.org/W2963237621","https://openalex.org/W6987104124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standard":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,14,23,39],"object":[3,56],"detection":[4,57],"focus":[5],"on":[6],"local":[7,42],"patches":[8],"of":[9,36,55],"the":[10,25,53],"image,":[11],"and":[12,58],"try":[13],"classify":[15],"them":[16],"as":[17,29,32],"background":[18],"or":[19],"not.":[20],"We":[21,44],"propose":[22],"use":[24],"scene":[26,59],"context":[27],"(image":[28],"a":[30,46],"whole)":[31],"an":[33],"extra":[34],"source":[35],"(global)":[37],"information,":[38],"help":[40],"resolve":[41],"ambiguities.":[43],"present":[45],"conditional":[47],"random":[48],"field":[49],"for":[50],"jointly":[51],"solving":[52],"tasks":[54],"classification.":[60],"1":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}