{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097930684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","title":"The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine","display_name":"The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097930684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","mag":"2097930684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1300/j132v08n01_18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764992838","display_name":"Loss Grief & Care","issn_l":"1540-9619","issn":["1540-9619","8756-4610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Loss, Grief & Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110551629","display_name":"Eric J. Cassell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric J. Cassell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University Medical College, New York City, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University Medical College, New York City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110551629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":289.4257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1186,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99989883,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","first_page":"129","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14511","display_name":"Medicine, History, and Philosophy","score":0.8589000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14511","display_name":"Medicine, History, and Philosophy","score":0.8589000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13340","display_name":"Palliative and Oncologic Care","score":0.06620000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suffering","display_name":"suffering","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-suffering","display_name":"causes of suffering","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemotherapy","display_name":"chemotherapy","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-distress","display_name":"physical distress","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personhood","display_name":"personhood","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goals-of-medicine","display_name":"goals of medicine","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-patient-relationship","display_name":"physician-patient relationship","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palliative-care","display_name":"palliative care","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40289056301116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35309311747550964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1300/j132v08n01_18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j132v08n01_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764992838","display_name":"Loss Grief & Care","issn_l":"1540-9619","issn":["1540-9619","8756-4610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Loss, Grief & Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028558053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=143575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1033311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1033311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:41110","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/722119","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/722119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/14146","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/735198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/735198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/34686","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/736198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/736198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/34686","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W630047864","https://openalex.org/W1997547090","https://openalex.org/W2069013408","https://openalex.org/W2085285306","https://openalex.org/W2093512375","https://openalex.org/W2122484257","https://openalex.org/W2325662003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206253378","https://openalex.org/W2012550392","https://openalex.org/W1982462920","https://openalex.org/W4412749436","https://openalex.org/W4246623866","https://openalex.org/W4388322958","https://openalex.org/W2065393577","https://openalex.org/W2955965744","https://openalex.org/W2413869192","https://openalex.org/W48659642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"nature":[1,26],"and":[2,15,20,43,53,59,70],"causes":[3],"of":[4,27,33,74],"suffering":[5,19,55,69,75],"in":[6,31,56],"patients":[7],"are":[8,49],"described,":[9],"using":[10],"chemotherapy":[11],"as":[12],"an":[13],"example,":[14],"a":[16,72],"distinction":[17],"between":[18],"physical":[21],"distress":[22],"is":[23,29,42],"drawn.":[24],"personhood":[28],"explored":[30],"terms":[32],"the":[34],"individual":[35],"factors":[36],"that":[37,44,62],"make":[38],"someone":[39],"what":[40],"he":[41],"influence":[45],"his":[46],"suffering.":[47],"Physicians":[48],"urged":[50],"to":[51,60,67],"understand":[52],"relieve":[54,68],"their":[57],"patients,":[58],"recognize":[61],"medical":[63],"intervention":[64],"sometimes":[65],"fails":[66],"becomes":[71],"source":[73],"itself.":[76],"(KIE":[77],"abstract)":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":62}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}