{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097743948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","title":"Lifestyle Habits and Compression of Morbidity","display_name":"Lifestyle Habits and Compression of Morbidity","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097743948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","mag":"2097743948","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S969433497","display_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A","issn_l":"1079-5006","issn":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049772201","display_name":"Helen B. Hubert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-437X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-437X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. B. Hubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94304, USA. hhubert@stanford.edu","Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94304, USA. hhubert@stanford.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110901064","display_name":"D A Bloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-5273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-5273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147155","display_name":"Pediatrics and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/03t432d20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Bloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and","Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010645692","display_name":"John W. Oehlert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-3430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-3430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147155","display_name":"Pediatrics and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/03t432d20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Oehlert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and","Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060176647","display_name":"James F. Fries","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147155","display_name":"Pediatrics and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/03t432d20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. F. Fries","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and","Departments of 1 Medicine and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of 1 Medicine and","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049772201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":4408,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4408},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2958,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99485262,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"6","first_page":"M347","last_page":"M351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-of-morbidity","display_name":"compression of morbidity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-lifestyle","display_name":"healthy lifestyle","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-decline","display_name":"functional decline","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-cohort","display_name":"aging cohort","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-inactivity","display_name":"physical inactivity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-risk-factors","display_name":"lifestyle risk factors","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity","display_name":"longevity","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-status","display_name":"functional status","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.661943793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6074166893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779466795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337690","display_name":"Postponement","level":2,"score":0.5921304821968079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.550705075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.5463247895240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.5436491370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4403989911079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.25077784061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10336622595787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001294","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008017","descriptor_name":"Life Expectancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009017","descriptor_name":"Morbidity","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S969433497","display_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A","issn_l":"1079-5006","issn":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12023263","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.586.857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.586.857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/6/M347.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3392985273","display_name":"RISK FACTORS FOR PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COSTS OF CARE","funder_award_id":"R01HD035641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332427","display_name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333063","display_name":"Stanford Bio-X","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291969","https://openalex.org/W16128755","https://openalex.org/W570795997","https://openalex.org/W1481639607","https://openalex.org/W1507427161","https://openalex.org/W1978597088","https://openalex.org/W1981591655","https://openalex.org/W1985004174","https://openalex.org/W1995944267","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2034240394","https://openalex.org/W2054164550","https://openalex.org/W2058335067","https://openalex.org/W2071120264","https://openalex.org/W2090988890","https://openalex.org/W2096837391","https://openalex.org/W2133559894","https://openalex.org/W2145816995","https://openalex.org/W2152606248","https://openalex.org/W2155164258","https://openalex.org/W2319806643","https://openalex.org/W2329684045","https://openalex.org/W2329993286","https://openalex.org/W2334973523","https://openalex.org/W2412772313","https://openalex.org/W4205376562","https://openalex.org/W4243129882","https://openalex.org/W4246920066","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4407818284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095141636","https://openalex.org/W2045451100","https://openalex.org/W2208834330","https://openalex.org/W7098057647","https://openalex.org/W2102196626","https://openalex.org/W105558937","https://openalex.org/W159972012","https://openalex.org/W2111946595","https://openalex.org/W3122172548","https://openalex.org/W2508269022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"There":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"much":[4],"debate":[5],"regarding":[6],"the":[7,35,54,97,181,195,203,218,228,240],"degree":[8],"to":[9,33,77,108,116,126,188],"which":[10],"healthy":[11,42],"lifestyles":[12,43,236],"can":[13,44],"increase":[14,179],"longevity":[15],"and":[16,46,73,86,119,129,176,230],"whether":[17],"added":[18],"years":[19,147,186],"will":[20],"be":[21],"offset":[22],"by":[23,239],"increased":[24,199],"morbidity":[25,38,243],"at":[26,102,192],"older":[27],"ages.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30,103],"was":[31,69],"designed":[32],"test":[34],"compression":[36,241],"of":[37,56,65,99,121,156,172,183,197,207,232,242],"hypothesis,":[39],"proposing":[40],"that":[41],"reduce":[45],"compress":[47],"disability":[48,142,173,233],"into":[49],"a":[50,169,224],"shorter":[51],"period":[52],"toward":[53],"end":[55],"life.":[57,208],"METHODS:":[58],"Functional":[59],"status":[60],"in":[61,75,132,180,202],"418":[62],"deceased":[63],"members":[64],"an":[66,178],"aging":[67],"cohort":[68],"observed":[70],"between":[71,211],"1986":[72],"1998":[74],"relationship":[76],"lifestyle-related":[78],"risk":[79,91,114],"factors,":[80],"including":[81],"cigarette":[82],"smoking,":[83],"physical":[84],"inactivity,":[85],"under-":[87],"or":[88,165],"overweight.":[89],"Three":[90],"groups":[92,212],"were":[93,110],"created":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96],"number":[98],"these":[100],"factors":[101,167],"entry.":[104],"Disability":[105],"scores":[106,143],"prior":[107,187],"death":[109],"modeled":[111],"for":[112,217,227],"each":[113],"group":[115,139],"compare":[117],"levels":[118],"rates":[120],"change,":[122],"as":[123,125,237],"well":[124],"determine":[127],"if":[128],"when":[130],"acceleration":[131],"functional":[133,158],"decline":[134,184,198],"occurred.":[135],"RESULTS:":[136],"The":[137],"risk-factor-free":[138],"showed":[140],"average":[141],"near":[144],"zero":[145],"10-12":[146],"before":[148],"death,":[149],"rising":[150],"slowly":[151],"over":[152],"time,":[153],"without":[154],"evidence":[155],"accelerated":[157],"decline.":[159],"In":[160],"contrast,":[161],"those":[162,191],"with":[163,234],"two":[164],"more":[166],"maintained":[168],"greater":[170],"level":[171],"throughout":[174],"follow-up":[175],"experienced":[177],"rate":[182,196],"1.5":[185],"death.":[189],"For":[190],"moderate":[193],"risk,":[194],"significantly":[200],"only":[201],"last":[204],"3":[205],"months":[206],"Other":[209],"differences":[210],"provided":[213],"no":[214],"alternative":[215],"explanations":[216],"findings.":[219],"CONCLUSIONS:":[220],"These":[221],"results":[222],"make":[223],"compelling":[225],"argument":[226],"reduction":[229],"postponement":[231],"healthier":[235],"proposed":[238],"hypothesis.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
