{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097543720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","title":"The Impact of Information Technology on Leadership Opportunities for Women: The Leveling of the Playing Field","display_name":"The Impact of Information Technology on Leadership Opportunities for Women: The Leveling of the Playing Field","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097543720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","mag":"2097543720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/107179190000700306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168081","display_name":"Journal of Leadership Studies","issn_l":"1071-7919","issn":["1071-7919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Leadership Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009316231","display_name":"Esther E. Klein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esther E. Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hofstra University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hofstra University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009316231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87562531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"88","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-leadership","display_name":"women in leadership","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"information technology","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality-in-management","display_name":"gender equality in management","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-management","display_name":"top management","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-managers","display_name":"middle managers","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-emergence","display_name":"leadership emergence","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-mediated-communication","display_name":"computer-mediated communication","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-companies","display_name":"internet companies","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-diversity","display_name":"gender diversity","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-participation","display_name":"decision-making participation","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-networks","display_name":"personal networks","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-accessibility","display_name":"information accessibility","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160682292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999897","display_name":"Middle management","level":2,"score":0.6587232351303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6004412174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5690494775772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5602636933326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5250056982040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.5076287984848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.46296218037605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41231152415275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3613748848438263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2555132210254669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1515445113182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/107179190000700306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168081","display_name":"Journal of Leadership Studies","issn_l":"1071-7919","issn":["1071-7919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Leadership Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32159058","https://openalex.org/W52087869","https://openalex.org/W1436018549","https://openalex.org/W1501222840","https://openalex.org/W1501249384","https://openalex.org/W1515278241","https://openalex.org/W1532684608","https://openalex.org/W1544904307","https://openalex.org/W1587700009","https://openalex.org/W1652257166","https://openalex.org/W1966033686","https://openalex.org/W1979034475","https://openalex.org/W1981797780","https://openalex.org/W1982691625","https://openalex.org/W1983689716","https://openalex.org/W1994242722","https://openalex.org/W2001363099","https://openalex.org/W2009730681","https://openalex.org/W2019247333","https://openalex.org/W2020081747","https://openalex.org/W2023380077","https://openalex.org/W2023491623","https://openalex.org/W2034053939","https://openalex.org/W2040608754","https://openalex.org/W2045647168","https://openalex.org/W2051321634","https://openalex.org/W2067589470","https://openalex.org/W2076054087","https://openalex.org/W2094837450","https://openalex.org/W2111630142","https://openalex.org/W2158148803","https://openalex.org/W2164050281","https://openalex.org/W2325369472","https://openalex.org/W2329895834","https://openalex.org/W2463109701","https://openalex.org/W2491631945","https://openalex.org/W2496523382","https://openalex.org/W2520493286","https://openalex.org/W2795918397","https://openalex.org/W4234607048","https://openalex.org/W4249742308","https://openalex.org/W4252793042","https://openalex.org/W4253283085","https://openalex.org/W4297081765","https://openalex.org/W6637095626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2800293796","https://openalex.org/W2884815844","https://openalex.org/W2174905650","https://openalex.org/W7207601180","https://openalex.org/W2590518546","https://openalex.org/W2783983085","https://openalex.org/W2888118171","https://openalex.org/W2694109575","https://openalex.org/W6964997942","https://openalex.org/W6944847091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Executive":[0],"Summary":[1],"Advances":[2],"in":[3,14,26,64,71,86,138,190,193,205],"information":[4,198],"technology":[5],"(IT)":[6],"are":[7,120,127,181],"providing":[8],"leadership":[9,36,111,136,186],"opportunities":[10,37,85,108,137],"for":[11,89,105,109,144],"women":[12,54,113,189],"both":[13],"upper":[15,57,87,139],"and":[16,61,98,165,200],"middle":[17,65,115,191],"management.":[18,116],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"aims":[21],"to":[22,67,123,171],"fill":[23],"the":[24,27,30,46,51,56,75,92,96,103,107,129,132,142,149,157],"gap":[25],"literature":[28],"concerning":[29],"effects":[31],"of":[32,45,53,59,78,95,131,135,151,159,176,185],"IT":[33],"on":[34],"these":[35],"by":[38,112,188],"examining":[39],"IT's":[40],"potential":[41,104],"as":[42,69,122,183],"a":[43],"leveler":[44],"corporate":[47],"playing":[48,128],"field,":[49],"facilitating":[50],"entry":[52],"into":[55],"ranks":[58],"management":[60,66,88,192],"allowing":[62],"those":[63],"emerge":[68],"leaders":[70],"decision-making":[72,194,206],"groups.":[73],"Specifically,":[74],"explosive":[76],"growth":[77],"talent-driven":[79],"Internet-related":[80],"businesses":[81],"has":[82,102],"opened":[83],"up":[84],"women,":[90],"while":[91],"very":[93],"nature":[94],"Internet":[97,125],"computer-mediated":[99],"communication":[100],"(CMC)":[101],"increasing":[106],"emergent":[110],"within":[114],"Four":[117],"interrelated":[118],"factors":[119,180],"suggested":[121,182],"why":[124],"companies":[126],"role":[130],"\"great":[133],"leveler\"":[134],"management:":[140],"(a)":[141,196],"demand":[143],"qualified":[145],"top":[146],"managers;":[147],"(b)":[148,201],"nonexistence":[150],"an":[152,167],"\"old":[153],"boy\"":[154],"network;":[155],"(c)":[156],"existence":[158],"diversified,":[160],"mixed":[161],"gender":[162],"personal":[163],"networks;":[164],"(d)":[166],"organizational":[168],"culture":[169],"open":[170],"diversity,":[172],"which":[173],"is":[174],"typical":[175],"Web-related":[177],"firms.":[178],"Two":[179],"enablers":[184],"emergence":[187],"groups:":[195],"technology-based":[197],"accessibility,":[199],"potentially":[202],"increased":[203],"participation":[204],"through":[207],"CMC.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}