{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097488686","doi":null,"title":"The usefulness of aggregate indicators in policy making and evaluation: a discussion with application to eco-efficiency indicators in New Zealand","display_name":"The usefulness of aggregate indicators in policy making and evaluation: a discussion with application to eco-efficiency indicators in New Zealand","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097488686","mag":"2097488686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/41033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/41033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Working/Technical Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023392183","display_name":"Nigel Jollands","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41125697","display_name":"AgResearch","ror":"https://ror.org/0124gwh94","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Jollands","raw_affiliation_strings":["AgResearch"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgResearch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023392183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14440","display_name":"Quality of Life Measurement","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eco-efficiency-indicators","display_name":"eco-efficiency indicators","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policymaking","display_name":"environmental policy-making","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy-evaluation","display_name":"environmental policy evaluation","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregation-operators","display_name":"aggregation operators","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indicator-weighting","display_name":"indicator weighting","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indicator-redundancy","display_name":"indicator redundancy","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand","display_name":"New Zealand","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.8193318843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.7259524464607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5160626769065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5144522190093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.4975738823413849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.41651758551597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.38652169704437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.38235288858413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.206691175699234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13767153024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/41033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/41033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Working/Technical Paper"},{"id":"mag:2097488686","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecoeco.org/pdf/jollands.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5925999879837036}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33517402","https://openalex.org/W604180349","https://openalex.org/W627154749","https://openalex.org/W1527869755","https://openalex.org/W1536061071","https://openalex.org/W1549283186","https://openalex.org/W1557686748","https://openalex.org/W1599823237","https://openalex.org/W1729740791","https://openalex.org/W1984534448","https://openalex.org/W1986918830","https://openalex.org/W1993522788","https://openalex.org/W1997410866","https://openalex.org/W1999268474","https://openalex.org/W2013148753","https://openalex.org/W2017832371","https://openalex.org/W2031986520","https://openalex.org/W2053494068","https://openalex.org/W2058152033","https://openalex.org/W2072049214","https://openalex.org/W2121046481","https://openalex.org/W2123959143","https://openalex.org/W2126936558","https://openalex.org/W2127954421","https://openalex.org/W2135345906","https://openalex.org/W2140299864","https://openalex.org/W2140796280","https://openalex.org/W2165262739","https://openalex.org/W2258912717","https://openalex.org/W2609491781","https://openalex.org/W2977382869","https://openalex.org/W3125398634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067161290","https://openalex.org/W2010311659","https://openalex.org/W2036086874","https://openalex.org/W3139586491","https://openalex.org/W3216102482","https://openalex.org/W2002931866","https://openalex.org/W2000418419","https://openalex.org/W3124483489","https://openalex.org/W2085894638","https://openalex.org/W2037199502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aggregate":[0],"indices":[1,48,57],"can":[2,162],"assist":[3,163],"decision-making":[4],"by":[5,166],"summarising":[6],"a":[7,60,115],"complex":[8],"array":[9],"of":[10,24,46,95,118],"information.":[11,78,183],"However,":[12],"little":[13],"research":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"conducted":[17],"on":[18],"aggregate":[19,33,47,56,91],"environmental":[20,34],"indicators.":[21,131,145],"The":[22,79,109],"purpose":[23],"this":[25],"paper":[26,40,80],"is":[27,138,156],"to":[28,114,129,142],"address":[29],"the":[30,39,42,106,170,180],"debate":[31],"surrounding":[32],"indices.":[35],"In":[36,146],"doing":[37,147],"so,":[38,148],"highlights":[41],"strengths":[43],"and":[44,100,161],"weaknesses":[45],"for":[49,103,158],"use":[50],"in":[51,62,73,105,169],"decision-making.":[52],"We":[53],"conclude":[54],"that":[55,85,136,155,176],"do":[58],"have":[59,150],"role":[61],"assisting":[63],"decision":[64,164],"makers,":[65],"as":[66,68],"long":[67],"they":[69],"are":[70,112,177],"not":[71],"used":[72],"isolation":[74],"from":[75],"more":[76,181],"detailed":[77,182],"addresses":[81],"several":[82],"methodological":[83,110],"issues":[84,111],"must":[86],"be":[87],"addressed":[88],"when":[89],"calculating":[90],"indicators":[92,160,171],"including":[93],"selection":[94],"appropriate":[96,157],"aggregation":[97,107,153],"functions,":[98],"weighting,":[99],"selecting":[101],"variables":[102],"inclusion":[104],"function.":[108],"applied":[113],"case":[116,133],"study":[117,134],"New":[119],"Zealand":[120],"data.":[121],"Specifically,":[122],"we":[123,149],"apply":[124],"principal":[125],"components":[126],"analysis":[127],"(PCA)":[128],"eco-efficiency":[130,144],"This":[132],"reveals":[135],"PCA":[137],"an":[139,152],"effective":[140],"approach":[141],"aggregating":[143],"identified":[151],"technique":[154],"increasing-scale":[159],"makers":[165],"reducing":[167],"redundancy":[168],"matrix,":[172],"while":[173],"providing":[174],"results":[175],"consistent":[178],"with":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}