{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097465482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","title":"Psychology of Computer Use: X. Effect of Learning Logo on Children's Problem-Solving Skills","display_name":"Psychology of Computer Use: X. Effect of Learning Logo on Children's Problem-Solving Skills","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097465482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","mag":"2097465482","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2762469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007293357","display_name":"Diane Poulin\u2010Dubois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-875X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-875X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Poulin-Dubois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005265623","display_name":"Catherine A. McGilly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine A. McGilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie-Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084013788","display_name":"Thomas R. Shultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-8840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-8840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas R. Shultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31166913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3_suppl","first_page":"1327","last_page":"1337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logo-programming-language","display_name":"Logo programming language","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"transfer of learning","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging-skills","display_name":"debugging skills","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-skills","display_name":"procedural skills","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower-of-hanoi","display_name":"Tower of Hanoi","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mastermind","display_name":"Mastermind","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201436","display_name":"Logo (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8278427124023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7408099174499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6517359018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6275527477264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020701032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Computer game","level":2,"score":0.5778099298477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44001027941703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37813901901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34491175413131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.284753680229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24222925305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19401952624320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003197","descriptor_name":"Computer Literacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014163","descriptor_name":"Transfer, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2762469","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2762469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W380359179","https://openalex.org/W642912742","https://openalex.org/W1492160417","https://openalex.org/W1770702452","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1983412113","https://openalex.org/W1984542317","https://openalex.org/W2000497834","https://openalex.org/W2001005400","https://openalex.org/W2038409011","https://openalex.org/W2057805445","https://openalex.org/W2092615154","https://openalex.org/W2152158292","https://openalex.org/W2181055756","https://openalex.org/W3022037017","https://openalex.org/W4254701573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030684336","https://openalex.org/W238084228","https://openalex.org/W1979717802","https://openalex.org/W7096330982","https://openalex.org/W1989370843","https://openalex.org/W2081998986","https://openalex.org/W50554148","https://openalex.org/W2152158292","https://openalex.org/W217658349","https://openalex.org/W2289524165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"natural":[1],"experiment":[2],"was":[3,94],"used":[4],"to":[5,30,86,97],"determine":[6],"whether":[7],"learning":[8],"the":[9,19,49,87,115],"computer":[10,39,121],"language":[11],"Logo":[12,20,25,78],"improves":[13],"children's":[14],"problem-solving":[15],"strategies":[16],"outside":[17],"of":[18,45,48,70,107,109,112,117],"context.":[21],"8-yr.-olds":[22],"who":[23],"learned":[24],"in":[26,37,77,82,91,99,105,120],"school":[27],"were":[28,52,103],"found":[29],"use":[31],"both":[32],"debugging":[33,60,83],"techniques":[34],"and":[35,42,54,63,114],"procedurality":[36],"their":[38],"programming.":[40,122],"They":[41],"a":[43,57],"group":[44],"control":[46,88],"children":[47],"same":[50],"age":[51],"pre-":[53],"posttested":[55],"on":[56],"game":[58,65],"requiring":[59,66],"skills":[61,68,84,93],"(Mastermind)":[62],"another":[64],"procedural":[67,92],"(Tower":[69],"Hanoi).":[71],"Boys,":[72],"but":[73],"not":[74,95],"girls,":[75],"trained":[76],"showed":[79],"an":[80],"improvement":[81],"relative":[85],"children.":[89],"Improvement":[90],"related":[96],"training":[98],"Logo.":[100],"The":[101],"results":[102],"discussed":[104],"terms":[106],"distance":[108],"transfer,":[110],"degree":[111],"expertise,":[113],"basis":[116],"sex":[118],"differences":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}