{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097399545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","title":"Risk of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers After Ionizing Radiation Therapy","display_name":"Risk of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers After Ionizing Radiation Therapy","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097399545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","mag":"2097399545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98010888","display_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","issn_l":"0027-8874","issn":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062649421","display_name":"Margaret Rita Karagas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6398-7362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6398-7362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039337","display_name":"Dartmouth Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01pa9ed26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I4390039337"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. R. Karagas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755-3861, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755-3861, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I4390039337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017361923","display_name":"Jill A. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1034-0677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1034-0677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont Burlington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont Burlington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097802993","display_name":"E. R. Greendberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. R. Greendberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075830583","display_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se A. Stukel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-1360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-1360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. A. Stukel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000634360","display_name":"Julie E. Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-5991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-5991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036373801","display_name":"John A. Baron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-1056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-1056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. Baron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108678125","display_name":"Marguerite M. Stevens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"For the Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"For the Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062649421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I4390039337"],"apc_list":{"value":5436,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5436},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":258,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91717256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"24","first_page":"1848","last_page":"1853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11359","display_name":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"basal cell carcinoma","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squamous-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"squamous cell carcinoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-melanoma-skin-cancer","display_name":"non-melanoma skin cancer","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionizing-radiation-therapy","display_name":"ionizing radiation therapy","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-induced-cancer-risk","display_name":"radiation-induced cancer risk","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-treatment","display_name":"age at treatment","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-since-treatment","display_name":"time since treatment","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-carotene-supplementation","display_name":"beta-carotene supplementation","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actinic-damage","display_name":"actinic damage","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposure","display_name":"sun exposure","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-type","display_name":"skin type","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18231593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186161","display_name":"Ionizing radiation","level":3,"score":0.8502031564712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.6072204113006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019992690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92767510","display_name":"Basal cell","level":2,"score":0.5683308839797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019814559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681817","display_name":"Squamous cell cancer","level":3,"score":0.5035104155540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48751041293144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4765389859676361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.46393993496894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.394034743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2953200340270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.29399895668029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28342974185943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2672387659549713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12562522292137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09460067749023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011878","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016609","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Second Primary","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.24.1848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98010888","display_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","issn_l":"0027-8874","issn":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8961975","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416970246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-32934","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118768502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA 57494","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4212980491","display_name":"Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in New Hampshire","funder_award_id":"R01CA057494","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G517873728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA 23 108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221961642","display_name":"CHEMOPREVENTIVE TRIAL OF BETA CAROTENE IN SKIN CANCER","funder_award_id":"5u01ca032934-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000859653","display_name":"Cancer Center Support Grant","funder_award_id":"P30CA023108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898495819","https://openalex.org/W1922136685","https://openalex.org/W1941905798","https://openalex.org/W1956788036","https://openalex.org/W1963888995","https://openalex.org/W1966238680","https://openalex.org/W1967673964","https://openalex.org/W1978136073","https://openalex.org/W2003696987","https://openalex.org/W2004721725","https://openalex.org/W2032813871","https://openalex.org/W2046900042","https://openalex.org/W2057943031","https://openalex.org/W2081253330","https://openalex.org/W2092648747","https://openalex.org/W2134770676","https://openalex.org/W2136883754","https://openalex.org/W2313686482","https://openalex.org/W2319891012","https://openalex.org/W4249395580","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095825534","https://openalex.org/W2007560368","https://openalex.org/W1969587901","https://openalex.org/W2279473678","https://openalex.org/W4413875500","https://openalex.org/W4402883873","https://openalex.org/W4232758497","https://openalex.org/W3118248738","https://openalex.org/W2096762273","https://openalex.org/W2016591944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Human":[1],"evidence":[2],"that":[3,616],"ionizing":[4,77],"radiation":[5,24,78,92,141,162,254,308,326,372,428,498,620],"is":[6,58,79,86,621],"carcinogenic":[7],"first":[8,356,488],"came":[9],"from":[10,180,454],"reports":[11],"of":[12,20,29,50,60,70,83,98,122,134,208,220,253,271,286,336,355,371,408,414,440,447,458,529,590],"nonmelanoma":[13],"skin":[14,193,262,273,311],"cancers":[15,62],"(NMSCs)":[16],"on":[17,319],"the":[18,51,61,67,110,131,157,206,215,290,299,332,337,364,394,412,436,462,522,525],"hands":[19],"workers":[21],"using":[22,379],"early":[23],"devices.":[25],"An":[26],"increased":[27],"risk":[28,207,558,589],"NMSC":[30,57],"has":[31],"been":[32],"observed":[33],"among":[34],"uranium":[35],"miners,":[36],"radiologists,":[37],"and":[38,72,104,120,136,143,151,156,217,233,247,251,269,314,361,400,418,445,475,509,567,585],"individuals":[39],"treated":[40,324],"with":[41,66,139,173,278,316,325,427,496,562,623,627],"x":[42],"rays":[43],"in":[44,147,191,224,298,367],"childhood":[45],"for":[46,54,160,283,310,331,343,398,521,548,581,598],"tinea":[47],"capitis":[48],"(ringworm":[49],"scalp)":[52],"or":[53,178,267,340],"thymic":[55],"enlargement;":[56],"one":[59,176],"most":[63],"strongly":[64,594],"associated":[65,138,426,495,622],"atomic":[68],"bombing":[69],"Hiroshima":[71],"Nagasaki.":[73],"Although":[74],"exposure":[75,566,617],"to":[76,149,189,198,265,353,369,392,410,487,560,596,618],"a":[80,192,239,258,380,405,468,478],"known":[81],"cause":[82],"NMSC,":[84,99],"it":[85,544],"not":[87,125,492,626],"yet":[88],"clear":[89],"whether":[90,200,320],"therapeutic":[91,619],"causes":[93],"both":[94],"major":[95],"histologic":[96],"types":[97],"basal":[100],"cell":[101,106],"carcinoma":[102,107],"(BCC)":[103],"squamous":[105],"(SCC).":[108],"Additionally,":[109],"potentially":[111,292],"modifying":[112,438],"effects,":[113],"such":[114],"as":[115],"latency,":[116,444],"age":[117,150,441,564],"when":[118],"treated,":[119,571],"type":[121,263,446],"treatment,":[123,443],"are":[124],"well":[126],"understood.":[127],"PURPOSE:":[128],"We":[129,301,350,402],"investigated":[130],"relative":[132],"risks":[133,146],"BCC":[135,177,360,399,417,470,531,557,591,624],"SCC":[137,179,362,419,480,549],"previous":[140,307],"therapy":[142,163,309,373,499],"evaluated":[144],"these":[145,573],"relation":[148,368],"time":[152,352,486,568],"since":[153,569],"initial":[154],"treatment":[155,597],"medical":[158,222],"condition":[159],"which":[161],"was":[164,390,494,533,545,592],"given.":[165],"METHODS:":[166],"The":[167,485,527],"study":[168,259,348,424],"group":[169],"comprised":[170],"individual":[171],"diagnosed":[172],"at":[174,442,565],"least":[175],"January":[181],"1980":[182],"through":[183,214],"February":[184],"1986,":[185],"who":[186,305],"were":[187,212,276,296,322,452,575],"recruited":[188],"participate":[190],"cancer":[194,312],"prevention":[195],"trial":[196],"designed":[197],"test":[199],"oral":[201],"beta-carotene":[202],"supplementation":[203],"would":[204],"reduce":[205],"new":[209,357,416,469,479,489],"NMSCs.":[210],"Patients":[211],"identified":[213],"dermatology":[216],"pathology":[218],"records":[219],"academic":[221],"centers":[223],"Hanover,":[225],"NH;":[226],"Los":[227],"Angeles,":[228],"CA;":[229,232],"San":[230],"Francisco,":[231],"Minneapolis,":[234],"MN.":[235],"Each":[236],"participant":[237],"completed":[238],"questionnaire":[240],"detailing":[241],"lifetime":[242],"residence,":[243],"pigmentary":[244],"characteristics,":[245],"occupational":[246],"recreational":[248],"sun":[249],"exposure,":[250],"history":[252,370],"therapy.":[255,429,448],"At":[256],"enrollment,":[257],"dermatologist":[260],"assessed":[261,435],"(tendency":[264],"burn":[266],"tan)":[268],"extent":[270],"actinic":[272],"damage.":[274],"Participants":[275],"followed":[277],"an":[279,284],"annual":[280],"dermatologic":[281],"examination":[282],"average":[285],"4":[287],"years.":[288],"Of":[289],"5232":[291],"eligible":[293],"individuals,":[294],"1805":[295],"enrolled":[297],"trial.":[300],"excluded":[302],"112":[303],"patients":[304,330,338],"reported":[306],"only":[313,576],"three":[315],"missing":[317],"information":[318],"they":[321],"ever":[323],"therapy,":[327],"leaving":[328],"1690":[329],"analysis.":[333],"Approximately":[334],"4%":[335],"died":[339],"discontinued":[341],"participation":[342],"other":[344,376,608],"reasons":[345,375],"during":[346,363],"each":[347],"year.":[349],"examined":[351],"occurrence":[354],"histopathologically":[358],"confirmed":[359],"follow-up":[365],"period":[366],"(for":[374],"than":[377,607],"NMSC)":[378],"proportional":[381],"hazards":[382],"model.":[383],"A":[384],"multiple":[385],"end":[386],"points":[387],"survival":[388],"model":[389],"used":[391,404],"compare":[393],"rate":[395],"ratios":[396],"(RRs)":[397],"SCC.":[401,628],"also":[403],"longitudinal":[406],"method":[407],"analysis":[409],"compute":[411],"RR":[413,510,528],"total":[415,530],"tumors":[420,532],"per":[421,423],"person":[422],"year":[425],"Using":[430],"this":[431],"method,":[432],"we":[433,464],"additionally":[434],"potential":[437],"effects":[439,574],"All":[449],"P":[450,518],"values":[451],"derived":[453],"two-sided":[455],"statistical":[456],"tests":[457],"significance.":[459],"RESULTS:":[460],"Among":[461],"participants":[463],"studied,":[465],"597":[466],"developed":[467,477],"(n":[471,481],"=":[472,482,501,507,511,515,519,537,541,551,555,583,601,605],"1553":[473],"tumors)":[474],"118":[476],"179":[483],"tumors).":[484],"BCC,":[490],"but":[491,543,625],"SCC,":[493],"prior":[497],"(RR":[500,536,550,600],"1.7;":[502],"95%":[503,513,539,553,603],"confidence":[504],"interval":[505],"[CI]":[506],"1.4-2.0":[508],"1.0;":[512,552],"CI":[514,540,554,604],"0.6-1.7,":[516],"respectively;":[517],".03":[520],"difference":[523],"between":[524],"RRs).":[526],"slightly":[534],"higher":[535],"2.3;":[538],"1.7-3.1),":[542],"still":[546],"unity":[547],"0.5-1.9).":[556],"appeared":[559],"increase":[561],"younger":[563],"initially":[570],"although":[572],"marginally":[577],"statistically":[578],"significant":[579],"(P":[580],"trend":[582],".06":[584],".07,":[586],"respectively).":[587],"Also,":[588],"more":[593],"related":[595],"acne":[599],"3.3;":[602],"2.1-5.2)":[606],"conditions.":[609],"CONCLUSIONS":[610],"AND":[611],"IMPLICATIONS:":[612],"Our":[613],"data":[614],"suggest":[615]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}