{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097147127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","title":"Do inaccuracies in small area deprivation analyses matter?","display_name":"Do inaccuracies in small area deprivation analyses matter?","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097147127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","mag":"2097147127","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8350039","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1059774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","pdf_url":"https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/47/3/238.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156988948","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","issn_l":"0141-7681","issn":["0141-7681","0142-467X","0143-005X","1470-2738"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/47/3/238.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045193708","display_name":"Richard Reading","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Reading","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Paediatrics, Northumberland Health Authority"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Paediatrics, Northumberland Health Authority","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075991987","display_name":"Stan Openshaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Openshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Paediatrics, Northumberland Health Authority"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Paediatrics, Northumberland Health Authority","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95221987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"238","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.05939999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-area-deprivation","display_name":"small-area deprivation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-accuracy","display_name":"data accuracy","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"family socioeconomic status","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-health","display_name":"child health","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7730357050895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.733579158782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7131860256195068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780549954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7830165","display_name":"Townsend","level":2,"score":0.5767621994018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13543017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4430231","display_name":"Social deprivation","level":2,"score":0.5763843059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.5001776218414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.45655953884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.43952110409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.15352240204811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.12289556860923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1195138692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005192","descriptor_name":"Family Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007224","descriptor_name":"Infant Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017062","descriptor_name":"Small-Area Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","pdf_url":"https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/47/3/238.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156988948","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","issn_l":"0141-7681","issn":["0141-7681","0142-467X","0143-005X","1470-2738"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1059774","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1059774","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1059774/pdf/jepicomh00204-0080.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Epidemiol Community Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8350039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8350039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of epidemiology and community health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.238","pdf_url":"https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/47/3/238.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156988948","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","issn_l":"0141-7681","issn":["0141-7681","0142-467X","0143-005X","1470-2738"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097147127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097147127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316710720","https://openalex.org/W1526737611","https://openalex.org/W1761694338","https://openalex.org/W1969610850","https://openalex.org/W2001311017","https://openalex.org/W2019793668","https://openalex.org/W2047344061","https://openalex.org/W2081400318","https://openalex.org/W2165345561","https://openalex.org/W2327332664","https://openalex.org/W2350997991","https://openalex.org/W2757684821","https://openalex.org/W3147558836","https://openalex.org/W4247818158","https://openalex.org/W4249032562","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153672549","https://openalex.org/W2009609316","https://openalex.org/W2034174727","https://openalex.org/W3041470121","https://openalex.org/W334975045","https://openalex.org/W2108703413","https://openalex.org/W2010787682","https://openalex.org/W2438600354","https://openalex.org/W6946366741","https://openalex.org/W6946390163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,21,46,92,99,103,112,116,127,139,151,156,164,188,198],"accuracy":[4],"of":[5,8,23,39,62,69,87,98,102,115,136,162,175,190],"computerised":[6,83],"matching":[7,38,84,132,161,174],"postcode":[9],"to":[10,15,25,41,91,111,126,177],"enumeration":[11],"district":[12],"(ED)":[13],"and":[14,36,45,169],"determine":[16],"whether":[17],"any":[18],"mismatching":[19],"reduces":[20],"validity":[22],"methods":[24],"distinguish":[26],"socioeconomic":[27,55,194],"differences":[28],"in":[29,138,150],"\"small":[30],"area\"":[31],"deprivation":[32,50,100,113,128,191,199],"studies.":[33],"DESIGN:":[34],"Computerised":[35,173],"manual":[37,131],"postcodes":[40,88,176],"EDs":[42,120,142,178],"were":[43,89,121,143,167],"compared":[44,53,147],"census":[47],"based":[48],"Townsend":[49],"score":[51,114,200],"was":[52],"with":[54,72,148],"data":[56],"on":[57,187],"individual":[58],"families.":[59],"SETTING:":[60],"County":[61],"Northumberland,":[63],"England,":[64],"1989.":[65],"SUBJECTS:":[66],"Random":[67],"sample":[68],"301":[70],"families":[71,137],"a":[73],"child":[74],"aged":[75],"less":[76],"than":[77],"15":[78],"months.":[79],"MAIN":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"With":[82,155],"only":[85],"47%":[86],"matched":[90,105],"correct":[93],"ED.":[94,118],"Eighty":[95],"per":[96],"cent":[97],"scores":[101],"computer":[104,160],"EDs,":[106],"however,":[107],"approximated":[108],"(+/-":[109],"2)":[110],"actual":[117],"When":[119],"divided":[122],"into":[123],"quintiles":[124],"according":[125],"score,":[129],"accurate":[130],"showed":[133],"that":[134],"75%":[135],"most":[140,152],"deprived":[141,146],"classed":[144],"as":[145],"4%":[149],"affluent":[153],"EDs.":[154],"inaccuracies":[157],"introduced":[158],"by":[159,197,206],"postcodes,":[163],"corresponding":[165],"figures":[166],"56%":[168],"12%":[170],"respectively.":[171],"CONCLUSIONS:":[172],"is":[179],"highly":[180],"inaccurate,":[181],"but":[182,203],"this":[183,207],"has":[184],"little":[185],"effect":[186],"allocation":[189],"scores.":[192],"The":[193],"inequalities":[195],"shown":[196],"are":[201],"blunted,":[202],"not":[204],"eradicated,":[205],"mismatching.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}